Türkiye

The date of construction of the Ibrahim Pasa Sarayi is uncertain. Solakzade, a seventeenth century historian, notes that a palace was built here during the Bayezid II period (1481-1512). Palace documents record that Süleyman I repaired the Atmeydani palace in 1521 for his grand-vizier and confidant Ibrahim Pasa, while archaeologist-historian Müller-Wiener claims that it was built atop the foundations of the hippodrome seats. Ibrahim Pasa was executed in 1536 and his assets reverted to the treasury's control. The palace, which retained his name, became a government residence over the next two and a half centuries for a number grand-viziers (sadrazam), governor-generals (beylerbeyi), admirals (kaptanpasa) and royal gun-bearers (silahdar) who had married into the royal family. A section of the palace housed the school and barracks of apprentice court pages (acemioglanlari) during this time. The registry at the Topkapi Palace show repairs by head architects Mimar Sinan (1492-1588), Hasan Aga and Sedefkar Mehmed Aga (d.1622), and more repairs were conducted after the fires in 1652, 1660, 1755 and 1808 and after the 1675 earthquake. In late eighteenth century, the official registry (defterhane) and the headquarters of the royal band (mehterhane) were located at the building no longer used as a vezirial palace. The derelict palace was occupied by a mental hospital, a lionhouse, a textile workshop and squatters in the following century and parts of it were torn down in 1939 to clear the site for a modern court house. The restorations to convert the palace into a museum finally commenced in 1966 and lasted fifteen years. The Museum of Turkish and Islamic Arts, originally founded in 1914, re-opened at the Ibrahim Pasa Palace in 1984 and is open to visitors at this location. The vezirial palace, reported by travelers to be grander in scale than the royal palace of Topkapi, extended for about 140 meters along Atmeydani or the Roman Hippodrome, varying from 50 to 75 meters in depth. It consisted of four courtyards of varying size and elevation, three of which were lined up along Atmeydani, oriented southwest-northeast. Built of brick and stone, the Ibrahim Pasa palace is the only aristocratic residence remaining from the sixteenth century when Atmeydani was surrounded by many such palaces built primarily of wood. It hosted many royal celebrations, such as the circumcision ceremonies of Ottoman princes and marriages, beginning with the fifteen-day marriage of grand-vizier Ibrahim Pasa to Süleyman I's sister in 1524. Illustrated accounts of these events, such as the Book of Festivals (Surname) depicting the circumcision of Murad III's sons in 1582 and gravures by foreign travelers such as Melling in late eighteenth century, provide us with clues regarding the original appearance of the palace and its surroundings. The entrance into the palace was through the first courtyard, a square court enclosed by the walls of the surrounding courtyards, opening out to Atmeydani on the forth. From here, stairs led up to the large second courtyard on the left, where the state apartments were located and a passageway connected to the smaller third courtyard to the right, which also had its own gate on Atmeydani. The fourth courtyard was located behind the first and the third and may have been used to house the harem. The second, third and forth courtyards were enveloped by the walls of wide vaulted corridors on all or three sides, which carried rows of rooms above that looked onto the courtyard through a continuous gallery. A tall corridor placed between the second and forth courtyards with heavy gates on either side is thought to be the treasury. Although three out of the four courtyards have survived to our day, the second courtyard, which houses the museum, is the only one that retains its original design. The Ottoman land registry, still in use today, was housed in a three-story nineteenth century structure built in the first courtyard and expanded to its larger building erected in front of the first and the third courtyards in 1908 by architect Vedat Tek. The third courtyard, obscured by the Land Registry building and cafés, houses the courthouse archives. The dilapidated forth courtyard was torn down hastily in 1939 to make room for a new courthouse, even though the project later built by Sedad Hakki Eldem, which spans the whole length of the palace, would have accommodated it. Rooms off the second and forth courtyards must have commanded great views in this direction, where the hill descends towards the Golden Horn across Çemberlitas. The second courtyard and great hall The second courtyard, or state apartments, was built on a terrace elevated on the ruins of the hippodrome seats. The terrace, about seven and a half meters higher than Atmeydani, is retained by thick walls with buttresses and a deep vaulted gallery along Atmeydani, which has the museum entrance. A continuous vaulted corridor envelops three sides of the courtyard, which opens out to the Atmeydani with a wooden gazebo on the fourth side. Entered from a single door on the side, the corridor is lit with large grilled windows placed in each bay. Above, the northeast and northwest wings have a series of rooms that are entered through a now englazed arched gallery that faces the courtyard. The rooms facing Atmeydani are larger and covered with vaults, while all rooms are equipped with furnaces whose chimneys animate the roof. The upper floor of the southwest wing is occupied by the great hall (divanhane), which has a stone balcony (sahnisin) on Atmeydani. Its wooden roof, which is attached with bowed braces to the courtyard façade, and the wooden roof of its balcony were built during the restoration based on sixteenth century miniatures depicting the palace. The great hall, larger than the corresponding audience hall at Topkapi, was the court of justice of the grandvizier. There is no trace left of the interior decoration of the state apartments which house museum exhibits today. Sources: Atasoy, Nurhan. Ibrahim Pasa Sarayi. Istanbul: Istanbul Universitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Basimevi. 1972. Dunden bugune Istanbul ansiklopedisi. Ankara: Kultur Bakanligi ; Istanbul : Tarih Vakfi, 1993-1995., IV, 128-130; I, 414-418. Goodwin, Godfrey. A History of Ottoman Architecture. London: Thames and Hudson, 1997. 191-195. "Istanbul Turkish And Islamic Arts Museum." Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism Website. <a href="http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D3137A2395174CFB32E18DCF1954A4FBEC89" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D3137A2395174CFB32E18DCF1954A4FBEC89</a>. [Accessed February 14, 2007] Müller-Wiener, Wolfgang. Istanbul'un tarihsel topografyasi: 17. yuzyil baslarina kadar Byzantion-Konstantinopolis-Istanbul (Ulker Sayin, trans.). Istanbul: Yapi Kredi Yayinlari, 2001. 492-494. Olcer, Nazan. "The Museum of Turkish and Islamic Arts" in In Pursuit of Excellence: Works of Art from the Museum of Turkish and Islamic Arts. Istanbul. Beyoglu, Istanbul: Ahmet Ertug, VII-XVIII. 1993. Sozen, Metin. Devletin Evi Saray. Istanbul: Guzel Sanatlar Matbaasi, 1990. 230-239.

Türk ve İslam Eserleri Müzesi

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ITH1269

Bosnia and Herzegovina

The Sisman Ibraham Pasha Hamam is a bathhouse near the Sisman Ibraham Pasha Mosque. <blockquote>“It may be concluded from Evlija Čelebi’s travel chronicle that the baths were built prior to 1664, and that they were built by craftsmen sent from Istanbul for the purpose. The hamam is typical of smaller public baths. As a part of Programme of the permanent protection of Počitelj the hamam was rehabilitated.”</blockquote> Source:UNESCO. "The historic urban site of Počitelj." https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5092/#:~:text=SAHAT%2DKULA%20%2D%20CLOCK%2DTOWER,influence%20of%20Mediterranean%2DDalmatian%20architecture. Archived at: <a href="https://perma.cc/ZB8D-C32L " rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://perma.cc/ZB8D-C32L </a><a href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5092/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">UNESCO World Heritage</a>

Sisman Ibrahim Pasha Hammam

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 Sisman Ibrahim Pasha Hammam

<blockquote>“The most famous is Sisman Ibrahim Pasha Mosque, built in the mid-16th century. This mosque is one of the models for the single dome mosques in the Balkans. Unfortunately, during the aggression on Bosnia and Herzegovina, in between 1992-1996, the mosque and the entire city were badly damaged by the Croatian army. The parts of the mosque were completely destroyed like a central dome, two smaller domes, and a minaret. After the war, the mosque and the town were restored.”</blockquote> Source:Šurković,&nbsp;Kenan. “The Remains of Sisman Ibrahim Pasha Mosque in Pocitelj.” Islamic Arts Magazine. Published June 14, 2019. https://islamicartsmagazine.com/magazine/view/sisman_ibrahim_pasha_mosque_in_pocitelj/. Archived at: <a href="https://perma.cc/DLA5-W4L9 " rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://perma.cc/DLA5-W4L9 </a>.&nbsp;

Sisman Ibrahim Pasha Mosque

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<blockquote>At the junction of the Kağıthane and Alibey valleys, the Kağıthane grounds, which exemplify<a href="https://www.archnet.org/authorities/3711" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"> Istanbul</a> tastes in recreation, had an important place in the way of life of both the court and the people. The Kağıthane valley attracted people with its large plane trees and the many colorful flowers, including tulip gardens and Judas trees, which ornamented the green meadows. In particular, people came here to celebrate Hıdrellez (May 6). During the summer months, they erected tents and stayed for days, weeks, and even months. As many as five or six thousand tents were pitched here. An army of tradesmen worked here all summer to supply the needs of the crowd.</blockquote><blockquote>Evliya Çelebi describes the tulip gardens as follows: The tulip by the name of Kağıthane grows here. Those who come here at tulip time go into ecstasies. The İmrahor Köşk is a decorated wooden pavilion on the grassy shore of the Kağıthane River. The horses of the Ottoman sultans graze there and the master of the horse lives there. Few places in the world are like this for strolling around, with its many enormous plane trees. Nowhere else can be found such herbs, clover, couch-grass, or greensward (Seyahatnâmesi, 1:145a).</blockquote><blockquote>In relating the events of 1719, <a href="https://www.archnet.org/authorities/1269" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Silahdar Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa</a> gives an example of the type of entertainment here: The grand vizier gave a feast at Kağıthane to which he invited the sultan. After the meal he gave games in his honor during which they watched the game of cirit, both on foot and on horseback, wrestling matches, and horse races (Nusretnâme, 2:385).</blockquote><blockquote>In his History, Cevdet Paşa describes the entertainments at Kağıthane during the reign of <a href="https://www.archnet.org/authorities/2636" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Ahmed III</a>:</blockquote><blockquote class="ql-indent-1">Flowerbeds made of various kinds of marble were filled with colorful tulips, which were illuminated at night with candles. Candles were also attached to the backs of tortoises who were then set free to wander around the tulip gardens at the Çırağan. Every year, <a href="https://www.archnet.org/authorities/2669" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">İbrahim Paşa</a> invited the sultan and princes to his seaside mansion called Çırağan at Besiktaş where he would organize a çırağan festival that went on for weeks.</blockquote><blockquote class="ql-indent-1">About sixty palaces and gardens were built at Kağıthane, which were shared out among the high officials. Sadabad Kasrı was equipped with waterfalls and adorned with lights. Although such an imposing place was necessary to demonstrate to foreigners the splendor of the state, the extravagance of Kağıthane exceeded all bounds. The ever-increasing varieties of tulip became a great source of revenue for poets who wrote occasional verses on the roses and tulips there. Tulip bulbs, already expensive, reached the point where one tulip bulb was sold for 500 gold pieces. The disappointment of those who were unable to buy tulips caused fixed prices to be set for each variety of tulip and it was forbidden to sell even the best-loved tulip for more than one kuruş. The Istanbul courts kept a record of these fixed prices. Nevertheless, this was the most splendid time in the history of Istanbul for entertainments and enjoyment. However, the system of government became corrupt and the state came to a standstill so that later generations paid the price of this drunken folly. (Tarihinden seçmeler, 36)</blockquote><blockquote>The brightest period for Kağıthane was in 1720, during the “Lale Devri” (Tulip Period) of Ahmed III, a period when palaces, pavilions, and wonderful gardens were built there and in the surrounding neighborhood.</blockquote><blockquote>The course of the river was changed by Nevşehirli<a href="https://www.archnet.org/authorities/2669" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"> İbrahim Paşa</a>, grand vizier and son-in-law of Ahmed III. A straight canal 28 meters wide and 1,100 meters long was cut in the Kağıthane River and ran from the bridge in front of the police station as far as Çadır Köşkü. This was later known as Cetvel-i Sim, “the silver canal.” From two dams built there, the river flowed in waterfalls out into this canal which ran in front of the palace. The water lapped the walls of the palace and collected in a large pool from which it flowed on naturally. In order to control the amount and flow of the water, underground corridors and other elements were installed. In addition, marble channels were made in the large pool and decorated with sinuous carvings in the shape of fish, and waterworks were created which allowed cascades of water to flow from one marble container to another; bridges and landing-place were also constructed. The level of the water was controlled by means of vents with sliding doors at the sides of the canal. Excess water could be released into side channels or the water could flow as freely as desired. Yirmisekiz Mehmed Çelebi Paşa, who had been an ambassador in Paris, gave an account on his return of what he had seen there and brought many plans back with him. This influenced the European style of the waterside palace of Sadabad, though adapted to Ottoman taste, as well as many mansions and palaces for high-ranking officials. These followed the tradition of the Doğu Bahçesi in seeming to have been arranged for water-play. In front of the palace were planted the French king’s gift of forty orange trees. Many splendid feasts were celebrated here but all these pleasures came to a violent end during the Patrona Halil rebellion, when everything was razed to the ground after a three-day-long rampage.</blockquote><blockquote>During the reigns of Ahmed III and<a href="https://www.archnet.org/authorities/8382" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"> Mahmud I</a>, from 1722 to 1745, the place was newly forested; the documents concerning this, which state that the area was planted with lime, ash, and elm trees, reflect the efforts made to beautify it. A document from 1721–1722 discusses the beauty of the garden and its arrangement of flowerbeds. It tells how four hundred and fifty lime, elm, ash, and chestnut trees from the Yörüş Nahiyesi mountains were pulled up by the roots and brought to the coast, from where they were dispatched by ship to be planted in the garden. Another document of 1722 is a written imperial order for the forwarding of five hundred lime, elm, and ash trees from the environs of Izmit and Şile to beautify the gardens of Sadabad. The roots of these were to be packed so well that the soil would be retained. Although after the destruction of Sadabad Mahmud I did not immediately try to rebuild it, the forestation continued.</blockquote><blockquote><a href="https://www.archnet.org/authorities/2622" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Selim II </a>had Sadabad Kasrı rebuilt in stone. Between 1803 and 1810 it was repaired by <a href="https://www.archnet.org/authorities/8381" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Mahmud II</a>, who changed its name to Çağlayan Kasrı. Abdülaziz was also interested in the place and in 1862 he had Mahmud II’s palace torn down and built one in the European style. The mosque here was renovated between 1863 and 1864, but was pulled down in 1940 and replaced by Military Engineering School.&nbsp;</blockquote><blockquote>The text for this entry is adapted from Nurhan Atasoy, Garden for the Sultan, 276–84.</blockquote> <blockquote>Source: Travel Account,&nbsp;17th century</blockquote> -<a href="https://www.archnet.org/authorities/10258" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Nurhan Atasoy</a>, <a href="https://www.archnet.org/authorities/10272" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Seyit Ali Kahraman</a> Resources:Evliya Çelebi Seyahatnâmesi: Topkapı Sarayı Bağdat 304 Yazmasının transkripsiyonu&nbsp;<a href="https://www.zotero.org/groups/4419435/items/KLZIZ94L" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">(Open in Zotero)</a>A Garden for the Sultan: Gardens and Flowers in the Ottoman Culture&nbsp;<a href="https://www.zotero.org/groups/4419435/items/GWL4CZIW" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">(Open in Zotero)</a>Nusretnâme&nbsp;<a href="https://www.zotero.org/groups/4419435/items/IGAHCUYT" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">(Open in Zotero)</a>Cevdet Paşa tarihinden seçmeler&nbsp;<a href="https://www.zotero.org/groups/4419435/items/7EWX8Z7D" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">(Open in Zotero)</a>Kağıthane’ye Dair Bazı Bilgiler&nbsp;<a href="https://www.zotero.org/groups/4419435/items/H46S4GE9" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">(Open in Zotero)</a>Saʾdabad&nbsp;<a href="https://www.zotero.org/groups/4419435/items/JS9QWB7Z" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">(Open in Zotero)</a> Originally sourced at: Atasoy, Nurhan, and Seyit Ali Kahraman “Kağıthane.” Middle East Gardens Traditions. Dumbarton Oaks, December 1, 2014. https://www.doaks.org/resources/middle-east-garden-traditions/catalogue/C98. Archived at:<a href="https://perma.cc/5UDZ-R9BM" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"> https://perma.cc/5UDZ-R9BM</a>.

Kağıthane (MEGT)

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IAA706093

<blockquote>This was one of the most important and most beautiful gardens along the Bosphorus. Evliya Çelebi summarizes it as follows: When <a href="https://www.archnet.org/authorities/10335" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Murad IV </a>was deposed in 1631, the commander of the Janissaries, Hasan Halife, was torn to pieces and his garden at Bebek was appropriated by the state. Beyond this was Bebek Garden, frequented by the sultan.<a href="https://www.archnet.org/authorities/8374" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"> Selim</a> had a house here but it was more like a lodge. There were, however, large cypress trees here. Beyond this was Deli Hüseyin Paşa Garden, which belonged to the sultan. This was full of pistachio trees. At a place called Kayalar, there were 45 dwellings and the&nbsp;two-storied&nbsp;Sıdkı Efendi Mosque. Beneath this, the sweet water from a spring ran down over the rocks. . . . The foundations of an old monastery could be seen on the raised ground between Arnavutköy and Bebek. As the currents along the shore were very strong, many ships sank there. Ropes were thrown from Akıntıburnu to help sinking ships and boats (Seyahatnâmesi, 1:135a–136a).</blockquote><blockquote>İnciciyan, writing in the eighteenth century, provides the following description: Bebek Garden, which stretched for more than a mile along the shore, was later abandoned and neglected, becoming a&nbsp;place for drunkards and vagabonds to sleep. At last, İbrahim Paşa, grand vizier to <a href="https://www.archnet.org/authorities/2636" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Ahmed III</a>, had the place cleared and built a palace, a hamam, a mosque, and a market here. Later, he sold the area up to the house of Hasan Halife, and Greeks, Armenians, Jews, and Turks built houses and gardens there. In 1725, the grand vizier gave this place the alternative name of Hümayunabad (XVIII. asırda İstanbul, 161–62). İnciciyan says that this place, which had beautiful views of the straits, was once an area for imperial palaces but that it was later abandoned as not being large enough. In 1793, Abdülhamid I had a palace built here for his daughter.</blockquote><blockquote>Helmuth von Moltke the Elder describes the garden in the middle of the nineteenth century: It was very pleasant to stroll along the length of the shore by the bay of Bebek. Here there were magnificent plane trees and a pretty mosque and a pavilion belonging to the sultan (Mektuplar, 41). He goes on to say that many high-ranking officials lived in Bebek, including his friend, the chief physician. Many documents show that Bebek Garden was the scene of many diplomatic meetings at the end of the eighteenth century and beginning of the nineteenth, including between the Ottoman empire and Poland (1789–1806), Austria (1792), Venice (1792), Russian (1791–1795), England (1792–1806), Prussia (1789–1798).</blockquote><blockquote>The text for this entry is adapted from Nurhan Atasoy, Garden for the Sultan, 302–3.</blockquote> <blockquote>Sources: Travel Account,&nbsp;17th century | Travel Account,&nbsp;18th century | Travel Account,&nbsp;19th century | Travel Account,&nbsp;18th–19th century</blockquote> -<a href="https://www.archnet.org/authorities/10258" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Nurhan Atasoy</a>, <a href="https://www.archnet.org/authorities/10265" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Yücel Dağli</a> Resources:Evliya Çelebi Seyahatnâmesi: Topkapı Sarayı Bağdat 304 Yazmasının transkripsiyonu&nbsp;<a href="https://www.zotero.org/groups/4419435/items/KLZIZ94L" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">(Open in Zotero)</a>A Garden for the Sultan: Gardens and Flowers in the Ottoman Culture&nbsp;<a href="https://www.zotero.org/groups/4419435/items/GWL4CZIW" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">(Open in Zotero)</a>XVIII. asırda İstanbul&nbsp;<a href="https://www.zotero.org/groups/4419435/items/S42KH5DM" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">(Open in Zotero)</a>Türkiyeʾdeki durum ve olaylar üzerine mektuplar, 1835-1839&nbsp;<a href="https://www.zotero.org/groups/4419435/items/TQAK8XIH" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">(Open in Zotero)</a> Originally published at: Atasoy, Nurhan, and Yücel Dağli. “Bebek Garden.” Middle East Garden Tradition. Dumbarton Oaks, November 24, 2014. https://www.doaks.org/resources/middle-east-garden-traditions/catalogue/C30. Archived at: <a href="https://perma.cc/5UDZ-R9BM" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://perma.cc/5UDZ-R9BM</a>.

Bebek Garden (MEGT)

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postcard

Istanbul, Bebek neighborhood (Besiktas district), general view over water and shoreline. "Constantinople, Vue de Bebek (Bosphore)"

<blockquote>The area known as Kazancıoğlu, which had become an imperial estate, was given by <a href="https://www.archnet.org/authorities/10335" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Murad IV </a>to his daughter, Kaya Sultan, who built a seaside palace there. In the reign of <a href="https://www.archnet.org/authorities/2636" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Ahmed III</a>, this palace became famous for its illuminations during Çerağan, or the festival of light. The tulip gardens and entertainments accompanying this festival are described in the twelve-page Tuhfe-i Çerağan, which recounts the history and origins of this celebration. During the reign of Ahmed III, his daughter Fatma, and her husband, Grand Vizier <a href="https://www.archnet.org/authorities/2669" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">İbrahim Paşa</a>, held a festival of light. The garden of the palace was illuminated with candles and lanterns, and so it became known as Çırağan Palace. Raşid Efendi describes a reception given there for the sultan in 1720:</blockquote><blockquote class="ql-indent-1">During this season, the indescribable beauty of the tulips blooming in the flower gardens was an occasion for Grand Vizier Damat İbrahim Paşa to order a festival of light to be held at the seaside palace of Beşiktaş. Different varieties of candles, lamps and lanterns were placed among the flowerbeds. Whatever was necessary to honor the sultan was performed. On the morning of 26 April 1720, the sultan, with his entourage and harem, came there and spent the day being entertained by music and conversation; in the evening there was a festival of light in the tulip garden.</blockquote><blockquote class="ql-indent-1">The grand vizier made generous gifts of jewels and gold to the sultan and his harem when they left. Fine horses wonderfully caparisoned were presented and innumerable presents given in accordance with the rank of the recipient. Not one of the entourage was left out, from the ağas to the servants, and each received a suitable present. Everyone went away pleased, with prayers and praise. From here the sultan went to his mother’s palace at Eyüp. (Eski Türk bahçeleri, 26–27.)</blockquote><blockquote>These candlelit festivities were very extravagant. At the April full moon in particular, the tulip celebrations were unrivaled. Vases full of tulips were set in rows, colored globes were placed between them, and caged nightingales were hung above them. Entertainment for the ministers of state and for the harem were provided on different nights; the concubines would scatter to all four corners of the garden looking for sweetmeats hidden among the flowers. <a href="https://www.archnet.org/authorities/8382" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Mahmud I</a>, Ahmed III’s nephew and successor after Ahmed was deposed, continued these entertainments in spite of protests.</blockquote><blockquote>Mahmud I, who had the palace and gardens enlarged, stayed here from time to time. The palace passed to Selim III's sister, Beyhan Sultan, who sold it to her brother. <a href="https://www.archnet.org/authorities/2610" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Selim III </a>enlarged it by annexing the building next to it and had it repaired. <a href="https://www.archnet.org/authorities/8381" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Mahmud II,</a> who came to the throne next, often came here in summer and it was during this time that Çırağan gained its character as a palace.</blockquote><blockquote>Abdülaziz had this building torn down and built the new Çırağan Palace there between 1863 and 1871. Until recently, only the walls of this building remained, as it burned down in 1910. It was restored in 1987 as a hotel. The garden of Çırağan Palace was constructed according to western taste, with pools and conservatories imported from England. Sultan Abdülaziz had cages for lions constructed and imported animals to stock a small zoo. Flowerbeds were also made for Çırağan Palace. The Mabeyn Dairesi gardens, which stretched from Yıldız Palace to Mecidiye Mosque in Yıldız Park, were full of tulip beds. This was connected to the palace by a bridge over the present road.</blockquote><blockquote>Selman Can describes this last example of palace gardens in summarizing his research into the design of Çırağan Palace: Çırağan Palace possessed a large, well-landscaped garden. The woods here had always seemed like a natural garden to the buildings along the shore. However, we see that it became an imperial garden after Mahmud II built the old Çırağan Palace there. These woods were connected to the new Çırağan Palace by the bridge over the Beşiktaş–Ortaköy road constructed during the building of the palace itself. During those years, a number of buildings were built in the woods themselves. Malta Köşkü was built, Yıldız Kasrı repaired and new stables built while terraces and roads were also constructed (Belgelerle Çırağan Sarayı, 29–32).</blockquote><blockquote>The text for this entry is adapted from Nurhan Atasoy, Garden for the Sultan, 301–2.</blockquote> <blockquote>Source: Travel Account,&nbsp;17th century | Travel Account,&nbsp;17th century | Travel Account,&nbsp;18th century | Travel Account,&nbsp;19th century</blockquote> -<a href="https://www.archnet.org/authorities/10258" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Nurhan Atasoy</a>, <a href="https://www.archnet.org/authorities/10272" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Seyit Ali Kahraman</a> Resources:A Garden for the Sultan: Gardens and Flowers in the Ottoman Culture&nbsp;<a href="https://www.zotero.org/groups/4419435/items/GWL4CZIW" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">(Open in Zotero)</a>Eski Türk bahc̦eleri ve özellikle eski İstanbul bahc̦eleri&nbsp;<a href="https://www.zotero.org/groups/4419435/items/J4GL3RMS" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">(Open in Zotero)</a>Belgelerle Çırağan Sarayı&nbsp;<a href="https://www.zotero.org/groups/4419435/items/Q55C2M8J" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">(Open in Zotero)</a> Originally published at: Atasoy, Nurhan, and Seyit Ali Kahraman “Çırağan Palace Garden.” Middle East Gardens Traditions. Dumbarton Oaks, December 1, 2014. https://www.doaks.org/resources/middle-east-garden-traditions/catalogue/C98. Archived at:<a href="https://perma.cc/5UDZ-R9BM" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"> https://perma.cc/5UDZ-R9BM</a>.

Çırağan Palace Garden (MEGT)

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IAA708059

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İbrahim Paşa (d. 1536)
Türkiye

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İbrahim Paşa (d. 1536)

Associated Sites

Additional Names