Egypt

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Variant

The house of Zaynab Khatun was built in 1468, with later additions in 1713. It is situated in the old town, near the al-Azhar mosque. The Supreme Council of Antiquities restored it in 1996; renovation works included the underpinning of structural walls, the demolition of damaged structures, and waterproofing of the roof. Noteworthy aspects of this house include the painted and gold-decorated ceiling of the qa'a, or main room. The grand reception hall on the second floor overlooking the courtyard is representative of Mamluk qa'a. Typically a qa'a is a lofty tripartite space comprising a square hall (durqa'a) lit and ventilated by a wooden lantern in its roof and flanked by two opposing iwans whose floors are elevated above that of the central hall by one or two steps. The durqa'a usually housed a fountain beneath the skylight. The two other sides of the central hall contain opposing rectangular alcoves that look like miniature iwans, and, in the case of the house of Zaynab Khatun, a mashrabiyya overlooking the courtyard and facing an alcove on the opposite side of the hall. Renovation works included the underpinning of structural walls, the demolition of damaged structures, and waterproofing of the roof. Sources: Jarrar, Sabri, András Riedlmayer, and Jeffrey B. Spurr. <a href="https://www.archnet.org/publications/2704" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Resources for the Study of Islamic Architecture</a>. Cambridge, MA: Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture, 1994. Sauvaget, Jean. "Edmond Pauty. — Les palais et les maisons d'époque musulmane au Caire (Mémoires publiés par les membres de l' Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale, t. XLII, 4°." Syria 4 (1933): 414. Revault, Jacques, and Bernard Maury. Palais et Maisons du Caire du XIVe au XVIIIe siècle, vol. III, Manzil de Zaynab Hatun. Cairo: Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale du Caire, 1979. Williams, Caroline. Islamic Monuments in Cairo:The Practical Guide, 155. Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press, 2002.

Manzil Zaynab Khatun

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The project comprises a residence and research centre for German archaeologists working on Aswan excavations. The work annex is organised around a planted courtyard and contains four research rooms each covered by a dome, A vault covered work area, a laboratory, lab, garage and and a series of store rooms. The sleeping annex to the south of the work annex, comprises thirteen single rooms and two double rooms all organised around a planted courtyard. The buildings are designed using a module of 2.48m and are constructed using mud brick plaster with lime wash. The loadbearing walls support barrel vaults and domes on pendentives. Source: Aga Khan Trust for Culture

Center for Excavation and Research

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The renovation of this mosque, dating from the 15th century, was taken as an opportunity for training a group of workers in traditional techniques and materials. Repairs were made to damages caused by water infiltration and the use of oil-based paints, which had destroyed historical inscriptions. Source: Aga Khan Trust for Culture

Mitwalli Mosque Restoration

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IAA6234

Lebanon

The Umayyad mosque dates back to the 7th or 8th century, and suffered from deterioration due to dampness, salt, and structural degradation. The renovation was conducted with special attention to archaeological remains, as it is believed that the mosque may have been built upon several older structures dating back to antiquity. Lime mortar and traditional materials were used to preserve the building character. The restoration was funded by former prime minister Rafic Hariri and conducted through the Office of Studies at the Hariri Foundation in Saida. Source: Aga Khan Trust for Culture

Great Mosque of Ba'albek Restoration

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Cyprus

The United Nations sponsors a development programme that aims to promote the peace-building process in Cyprus by encouraging Greek and Turkish Cypriots to work together in the implementation of projects in areas of special concern. This is one such project - a bi-communal restoration of a Muslim shrine in the Greek Cypriot south, undertaken in parallel with the restoration of a Christian monastery in the Turkish Cypriot north. The Hala Sultan complex contains a small mosque, 13 x 13 metres, and a square mausoleum covered by a dome. There are two ancillary buildings that serve as guest houses for men and women. Source: Aga Khan Trust for Culture

Hala Sultan Tekke Complex Rehabilitation

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IMG19942

A culturally significant complex in the Old City of Jerusalem, Dar al-Aytam al-Islamiyya dates back to the Circassian Mamluk and Ottoman periods, and covers 10'000m²&nbsp;of built up area. It includes an Islamic orphanage, secondary school, soup kitchen, workshops, bakery, Mosque, and the palace of Sitt Tunshuq. Renovation included the construction of stone walls with layers of limestone to support the cross vaults, and the installation of electrical systems, sanitation, heating, and ventilation. All work was carried out by local builders and craftsmen.<div>The comprehensive restoration
of the 600-year-old Mamluk and Ottoman complex was undertaken in six phases
beginning in 1999; it was completed in 2004. The $3.5 million project, financed
by private donations raised during the Sharja festival in 1998, and by grants
from the Islamic Development Bank and from Welfare's own resources. Project
implementation was based on the results of extensive technical surveys, a
historic analysis study and needs assessment study.<o:p></o:p>

Its
architecture shows the transition in architectural styles from the 14th century
Mamluk era to the early Ottoman period. Today it houses a boy's academic
school, an industrial vocational school with print shop, bookbinding and
carpentry workshops, a boarding dormitory, an Islamic traditional soup kitchen
and a small mosque.<o:p></o:p>

The
comprehensive restoration and rehabilitation project included infrastructure
upgrading of all interior and exterior services, as well as stone restoration
of the monumental carved and mosaic facades, and introduction of modern
facilities, machinery, furniture and equipment for both the academic and
vocational schools, including a computer laboratory.<o:p></o:p>

This
regeneration project also included the administrative and technical facilities
upgrading for both schools.<o:p></o:p>

 Source:&nbsp;Old City of Jerusalem Revitalisation Programme </div>

Dar al-Aytam al-Islamiyya Restoration

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architectural drawing

IMG05314

Saudi Arabia

The project is a significant private revitalisation and restoration of a
farm, a mosque
and a farm house in the vicinity of Riyadh. The history
of the farm goes back to before the seventeenth century, with
the house on the farm representing a continuous
occupancy of more than a century. The house and small mosque was built in 1930.
The farmhouse was left abandoned for some years, which
contributed to its deterioration and partial collapse.<o:p></o:p>

<o:p>&nbsp;</o:p>

The farmhouse originally
consists of courtyard surrounded by four wings: main reception hall (diwaniyya), family
room, two bedrooms and services. Local traditional materials were used in restoration: mud and adobe and
straw for the walls, gypsum for ornaments, wood for ceilings and doors and windows, palm
trunks for columns, palm-fronds for roof-covering, and stone for the floors
and foundations and columns.<o:p></o:p>

<o:p>&nbsp;</o:p>

The intent of the client
was to rescue the derelict farm and the adobe buildings within it, as
exemplary of the potentials of revitalising
traditional buildings
and landscape. Even though the farm is a private
property; it is
becoming a popular place for people interested in restoration or just simply
enjoying its natural beauty. The project has triggered interest in restoration of the old mud town and palm grooves nearby.<o:p></o:p> Source: Aga Khan Trust for Culture

Farm Renovation

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Farmhouse Renovation

Recipient of the Aga Khan Award for Architecture in 1989.<div> </div><div>This late 13th-century mosque of the Bahri Mamluk period is the oldest standing in Sidon. Built on the remains of a Crusader fortress, the south wall is still braced by five sturdy Crusader buttresses, in stylistic and chronological juxtaposition to the minaret executed by the Ottomans in the second half of the 19th century. This outstanding monument was severely damaged by shellfire during the 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon. Its users, instead of building a new mosque, elected to restore their old one, the funds having been provided by a native son living in Paris. Assisting the architect in the thorough documentation of the structure was a team of architects and students from Beirut. The walls, piers, arches, vaults and domes that had been completely or partially destroyed were rebuilt, and an iron anchorage was placed in the minaret. The jury noted that this effort, was a "combination of human steadfastness in the face of tragedy, of restoration talent and inventiveness in particularly difficult circumstances, and of dedicated patronage and sacrifice that makes the reconstruction of the mosque a beacon in a tortured land and a sign of hope for the rebuilding of war torn nations." Source: Aga Khan Trust for Culture </div>

Great Omari Mosque Restoration

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IAA0869

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<h2>ARCHNET FAQ</h2>1. Will ARCHNET work on my device?Archnet works well on the most recent version of any major browser (Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Edge), either on a mobile device or computer. It may work on older or less common browsers as well. If Archnet fails to work properly on your machine, please let us know about your experience by clicking the blue feedback button at bottom right!2. Will my URLs from earlier versions of Archnet still work?Yes, if they are from the version launched in January 2013. As of October 12, 2021, all URLs from the old Archnet have been redirected to ARCHNET.&nbsp;&nbsp;3. How do I download a/n:&nbsp;<ul><li>image - Select the image you want to download from search results, a site or an authority. The image will open in your browser.&nbsp;Right click to download.&nbsp;For larger, high-resolution copies, see contact us using archnet@mit.edu.&nbsp;</li><li>publication - Open the page for the publication in your browser and click the download button. Reprinting Archnet publications is permissible only for personal use.&nbsp;Please contact us for any other requests.&nbsp;</li><li>site descriptions and metadata - Site descriptions and metadata can be used for any nonprofit or educational organization with appropriate attribution to the authors and Archnet.&nbsp;</li><li>video - Currently video downloads are not possible. If you'd like to use an Archnet video, please contact <a href="mailto:archnet@mit.edu" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">archnet@mit.edu</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</li></ul>See our <a href="https://www.archnet.org/pages/terms" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Terms of Use</a> for information on how you can use Archnnet material.4. Can I contribute material to Archnet?&nbsp;Yes!&nbsp;See our <a href="https://www.archnet.org/pages/contribute" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Contribute</a> page for more information.&nbsp;Calls for specific contributions are also also shared in our social media and on the <a href="https://libraries.mit.edu/akdc/category/contributors/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">web site of the Aga Khan Documentation Center at MIT</a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;5. What happened to the Archnet Timeline?&nbsp;Timeline has migrated into the ARCHNET NEXT Collections page&nbsp;<a href="https://www.archnet.org/collections/collection_type/3/1" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">as a category</a>. These collections provide short introductions for each period, often offering lists of additional resources at the end of the entry. Only the timeline graphic listing the periods along a chronological axis has not migrated.6. My question isn't here.&nbsp;How can I get help?&nbsp;If your issue is with using Archnet, use the blue Feedback button to alert us to your issue. This will allow you to include a screenshot or recording. Please, also, feel free to contact us at <a href="mailto:archnet@mit.edu" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">archnet@mit.edu</a>We are currently developing the help section of ARCHNET NEXT. In the meantime, please use the blue Feedback button in ARCHNET NEXT to send us feedback or other questions. Contact us at <a href="mailto:archnet@mit.edu" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">archnet@mit.edu</a>.&nbsp;

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Welcome to ARCHNET, an open access, interdisciplinary, intellectual resource focused on the built environment of Muslim societies.Focused on the built environment of Islamic civilizations past and present, we seek to:<ul><li>Facilitate excellence in scholarship and professional work by&nbsp;providing reliable information and ready access&nbsp;to vetted, high-quality textual and multimedia resources&nbsp;focused on architecture, urbanism, environmental and landscape design,&nbsp;heritage&nbsp;conservation, economic and environmental sustainability, community development and resilience in the face of rapid change, and related topics.</li><li>Enable teaching and learning in these domains by providing educators with reliable, effective pedagogical material and teaching aids.&nbsp;</li><li>Serve as a platform through which scholars, practitioners, and institutions can bring their work to new global audiences.&nbsp;</li><li>Promote intercultural understanding and dialogue through reliable, high-quality, peer-reviewed material on the diversity of and pluralism within Muslim societies and the interaction between Islamic and other religious, cultural, and philosophical traditions as it relates to architecture and urbanism.</li><li>Enable easy access to a wide variety of resources via a custom-built, web-based, mobile-friendly platform optimized to minimize financial, infrastructural, linguistic, and other barriers to access.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li></ul>Launched in 2002 after several years of development, ARCHNET is a pioneering digital resource that has proven a reliable authority on the built environment of Muslim societies, past and present.&nbsp;ARCHNET is a partnership between the <a href="https://www.archnet.org/collections/1342" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Aga Khan Documentation Center, MIT Libraries</a> (AKDC@MIT) and the <a href="https://www.archnet.org/authorities/1903" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Aga Khan Trust for Culture</a> (AKTC), with support from the <a href="https://www.archnet.org/collections/50" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture</a> at Harvard and MIT.&nbsp;ARCHNET is developed and maintained by <a href="https://www.performantsoftware.com/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Performant Software Solutions</a>.

Saleh Lamei Mostafa
Egypt

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Saleh Lamei Mostafa

Associated Sites

Documents

Additional Names