In 2011, the Aga Khan Documentation Center at MIT Libraries (AKDC@MIT) was formally re-envisioned and restructured. In addition to the services and support that had been offered by the Center since its founding in 1979, AKDC@MIT has now become a repository for select personal archives of architects working in the Middle East.&nbsp;The first architect archive acquired by AKDC@MIT arrived in the summer of 2012 as a gift from the distinguished Iraqi architect and urban planner, Mohamed Saleh Makiya. Dr. Makiya’s generous gift to AKDC@MIT documents his prodigious career, spanning five decades and over one dozen countries. The vast archive contains materials ranging from personal correspondences, project notes, and hand drawn design sketches to formal proposals, final drawings, and photographs for projects built and unbuilt, extant and not.&nbsp;Selections from the Mohamed Makiya Archive are included here, with more to come. The entire archive is available to students, faculty, researchers, and scholars at the Aga Khan Documentation Center. A&nbsp;<a href="http://archnet.org/publications/12756" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">collection-level summary finding aid</a>&nbsp;is available. For more&nbsp;information or to schedule a visit, please contact the <a href="mailto:akdc_archnet@mit.edu" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Aga Khan Documentation Center at MIT</a>.&nbsp; <a href="mailto:scsmith@mit.edu" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Sharon C. Smith, Ph.D</a>Program HeadAKDC@MIT

Mohamed Makiya Archive

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IAA706273

Makiya Associates 

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Makiya Archive. College of Theology. Mosque Elevation & Section (unbuilt)

Iraq

The College of Theology at the University of Baghdad was built after the initial campus development by the Architects Collaborative (TAC), and was built alongside existing university buildings. Published sources indicate that the building was completed in 1966, though handwritten notes in the records of Makiya Associates indicate a completion date of 1968.&nbsp;The two-story building is built of reinforced concrete faced with brick. It contains classrooms, seminar rooms, a library, and faculty and administration offices arranged around courtyard spaces, intended to suit both the climate conditions and social patterns of use. Brick mosaic and local colored ceramic details are used to ornament the building. The original plans for the building included a small mosque which was not built. This mosque was&nbsp;intended to be a focus integrating the other colleges in the campus group by serving the needs of the adjoining faculties as well as the College itself. Sources: College of Theology records, undated, Box 19, Folders 4 &amp; 5. Mohamed Makiya Archive, Aga Khan Documentation Center, MIT Libraries (AKDC@MIT) Makiya, Kanan. Post-Islamic classicism: a visual essay on the architecture of Mohamed Makiya, 90, 95, 150. London: Saqi Books, 1990.

College of Theology

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Makiya Archive. College of Theology. Mosque plan (unbuilt)

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Makiya Archive. College of Theology. Courtyard Rendering.

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Makiya Archive. College of Theology. E and W Elevations.

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Makiya Archive. College of Theology. Exterior Rendering.

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Makiya Archive. College of Theology. Proposed site plan

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Makiya Archive. Khulafa Mosque. Riwaqs.

The Khulafa Central Mosque was architect <a href="http://archnet.org/authorities/13" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Mohamed Makiya</a>’s first major public works project.&nbsp;In 1960, the Iraqi Ministry of Awqaf (Religious Endowments) commissioned him to build a mosque on the same site that the Abbasid caliph Muqtafi had built one in the early 10th century, and to incorporate into it the only structure still standing on the site, the 13th-century&nbsp;<a href="http://archnet.org/sites/3842" target="_blank">Suq Al Ghazl Minaret</a>.&nbsp; An even more significant challenge came from the site's dimensions and location in an urban section of Baghdad, amid tall commercial buildings.&nbsp;According to his son, Kanan, Mohamed Makiya fought with the Ministry of Awqaf for two years, in an unsuccessful effort to enlarge the parcel so he could build a structure proportional to the minaret's importance. For Dr. Makiya, building a new mosque that incorporated such a significant historical monument into such a modern environment challenged him to "express traditional character in a new architectural ambience.”1 Ultimately, he says, “I had to build a cathedral in an area suitable for a chapel.”2&nbsp;The project was completed in 1964.&nbsp; Kanan Makiya describes the mosque as a collection of discreet elements, with the refurbished minaret as its focal point.&nbsp;The other elements, a domed prayer hall and three riwaqs (porticos), are “placed and sized with reference to it."3 <ul><li>The <a href="http://archnet.org/sites/3842" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">minaret</a> is set in a small sunken court in the southeast corner of the sahn (courtyard).&nbsp;The minaret had just been refurbished in 1960 when Mohamed Makiya was charged with building a mosque to incorporate it.&nbsp;The minaret is constructed of brick and mortar and rises from a twelve-sided foundation.&nbsp;Both the base and balcony feature layers of muqarnas.&nbsp;The brickwork on the shaft forms a complex geometric pattern, and it is decorated with Kufic calligraphy.&nbsp;Makiya sought continuity between these decorative elements and his design for the new mosque.&nbsp;</li></ul> <ul><li>The prayer hall is octagonal, and 14 meters high with a dome rising an additional 7 meters.&nbsp;Columns and a cantilevered ring beam support the dome.&nbsp;At its base is an arched gallery and a black-and-white ceramic frieze band.&nbsp;The frieze features highly geometric, interlaced, Kufic calligraphy, intended to harmonize with the more traditional styles of Kufic calligraphy on the minaret.&nbsp;The exterior of the dome is covered in geometric yellow brickwork that matches the minaret's brickwork.&nbsp;The exterior walls of the prayer hall are also covered in varying shades of yellow bricks, arranged in geometric patterns.&nbsp;The interior walls are decorated with precast concrete, arranged in two bands: geometric patterns above pointed arches.</li></ul> <ul><li>The riwaqs and walls - According to a proposal submitted for the expansion of the Khulafa Mosque in 1981, the riwaqs and boundary walls, each approximately 12 meters in height, are designed to protect the minaret “from the overpowering domination of the numerous surrounding tall buildings, which sadly conflict in scale and massing with the minaret."4&nbsp;&nbsp;</li></ul>The largest riwaq runs along the northwest edge and provides an entrance to the mosque from Khulafa Street, a major divided artery running alongside the southwest façade.&nbsp;Bent steel rails that form Islamic calligraphy and organic patterns decorate the arches.&nbsp;The riwaq terminates in the courtyard, but the northern boundary wall continues to the north corner of the mosque.&nbsp;&nbsp; A second riwaq enters the courtyard from a small road that delineates the southern boundary of the mosque, but does not run parallel to the perimeter.&nbsp;Instead, the entrance of the riwaq intersects the perimeter at a right angle and extends into the courtyard, ending in front of the prayer hall. Glazed arches line the passageway connecting the riwaq to the prayer hall. &nbsp;A false riwaq composed of two stacked arcades runs along the northeast perimeter to the prayer hall.&nbsp;The bottom layer is essentially a dense wall separating the courtyard from the street.&nbsp;It is decorated with embedded arches made from yellow carved brick.&nbsp;&nbsp;It supports a ledge, decorated with a frieze of yellow brick that forms Kufic calligraphy.&nbsp;Narrow columns on the ledge support a concrete canopy of pointed arches.&nbsp;The rear wall of the upper arcade is open to the sky, creating a sense of scale beyond the actual dimensions of the wall. Some construction materials were salvaged from the site.&nbsp;The principal building materials are locally produced clay bricks, stone, and wood, with steel and concrete also used in the ceilings and the dome.&nbsp;The floors are stone.&nbsp; Even after construction was completed, Mohamed Makiya continued to want to develop the site.&nbsp;In 1981 Makiya Associates, in association with consulting architects and engineers Archicentre, presented the Mayor of Baghdad with proposals arguing for the building of a new mosque built on a “more grand and suitable scale reflecting and regenerating the historical importance of the site."5 The proposal also argues for significant expansion of the site to include living quarters, a larger prayer hall, a library, dining facilities, and a larger courtyard.&nbsp;The new plan proposed a new, much larger mosque and presented several options for the use of the existing structure.&nbsp;These included conversion into a library, or a proposal that the existing mosque serve as a weekday mosque when fewer people would be praying, and the larger mosque to be used on Fridays and holy days.&nbsp;No action was ever taken on the proposal.6 --<a href="https://www.archnet.org/authorities/2691" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Michael A. Toler</a>, AKDC@MIT, June 2014 Notes:1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Aga Khan Award for Architecture Nomination Form, Project Summary. 1980,2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Kanan Makiya, Post-Islamic Classicism, 43.3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Kanan Makiya, Post-Islamic Classicism, 45.4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Khulafa Mosque and Environs Proposals, 2.25.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Khulafa Mosque and Environs Proposals, 2.36.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Khulafa Mosque and Environs Proposals, 2.3 Sources:&nbsp;Khalil, Jabir and Strika, Vincenzo. The Islamic Architecture of Baghdad; the Results of a Joint Italian -Iraqi Survey. Napoli: Istituto Universitario Orientale, 1987. Khulafa Central Mosque.&nbsp;Aga Khan Award for Architecture Nomination Form.&nbsp;Geneva, Switzerland: Aga Khan Trust for Culture, September 15, 1979. Kultermann, Udo.&nbsp;Contemporary Architecture in the Arab States: Renaissance of a Region.&nbsp;New York:&nbsp;McGraw-Hill, 1999. Makiya Associates and Archicentre.&nbsp;<a href="https://www.archnet.org/publications/8799" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Khulafa Mosque and Environs Development Proposals</a>. Baghdad, 1981. Makiya, Kanan. Post-Islamic Classicism: a Visual Essay on the Architecture of Mohamed Makiya.&nbsp;London: Saqi Books, 1990. Makiya, Kanan.&nbsp;The Monument: Art, Vulgarity, and Responsibility in Iraq. London:&nbsp;Andre Deutsch, 1991. Manarat Suq al-Ghazl. ArchNet. Accessed March 22, 2015. <a href="http://archnet.org/sites/3842" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">http://archnet.org/sites/3842</a>. Michell, George. ed. Architecture of the Islamic World; Its History and Social Meaning. London: Thanes &amp; Hudson, 1978.

Jami' al-Khulafa

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Makiya Archive. Khulafa Mosque.

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Makiya. Rashid University.

Al-Rashid University, Baghdad, was planned during the 1980s (ca. 1980-1988) but never constructed. Makiya Associates, consultant architects to Heinle, Wischer und Partner, developed extensive designs and motifs for many aspects of the project, including site plans, plans for housing clusters, academic buildings on the campus, and themes for each of the four colleges which were to be part of the university. Luz, Kienle + Partner, Stuttgart was the landscape architect, according to a project description for Al-Rashid University on the website of Kienleplan GmbH.1&nbsp; The plans envisage a large university located 35 km southeast of central Baghdad. Buildings are executed in a modern style but incorporate local traditions such as the use of elaborate decorative brickwork, which is seen in many of the medieval monuments in Baghdad.&nbsp; Notes: 1.&nbsp;<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160703191952/http://www.kienleplan.de/cont_en/index.php?site=alrashid" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">http://www.kienleplan.de/cont_en/index.php?site=alrashid</a>&nbsp;(accessed December 28, 2015).

Jami'a al-Rashid (Design)

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Makiya Archive. Kufa University.

Kufa University (Design)

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Oman

Bab al-Mitha'ib

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IAA707855

Bayt al-Kharijiyya is a two story, historic courtyard house in Muscat that was restored by Makiya Associates.

Bayt al-Kharijiyya

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Makiya Archive. Bayt al-Kharijiyah. View From Street

Bahrain

Housing for Government Officials

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Bahrain National Oil Company Housing

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IAA707852

Shaikh Mubarak Building

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Makiya Archive. Mubarak Building. Exterior View.

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Makiya Archive. College of Theology. View of Building. 

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Makiya. Rashid University. Central Admin. Elevation.

In the summer of 1982, the Chairman of the Council of the Presidency of the Republic of Iraq issued a decree to establish a State Grand Mosque Committee under the chairmanship of&nbsp;<a href="http://archnet.org/authorities/11" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Rifat Chadirji</a>. Twenty-two firms were invited to submit pre-qualification documents&nbsp;to the Directorate of Design at the Municipality of the Capital by September 1982. Seven firms, including Makiya Associates, were selected from that initial pool to participate in the competition, submitting their design plans by January 1983. The mosque was "intended to symbolize the religious, state, and national beliefs of the people of Iraq."[1] The requirements included a prayer hall for 30,000 people, a prayer space for 3,000 women, outdoor prayer spaces, a large library, conference facilities, dining rooms, parking facilities, a teaching institute and classrooms, and&nbsp;accommodations&nbsp;for 40 visiting imams.[2] The site for the mosque was to be located along Al-Rabia Street, in an area linking the Khadimiyya neighborhood to the north and the airport road to the south. A public park was located to the north of the site; an existing canal to the south; low-density residential neighborhoods to the west; and a railway line buffering an industrial area to the east. In their philosophy of design approach to the competition, Makiya Associates declared that "a State Mosque must reflect the dignity of Islam and the status of Iraq as a modern nation."[2] Although the chosen site was far from the modern center of Baghdad, Makiya believed that the site offered an opportunity to create a new civic center&nbsp;"for the new urban expansion to the west of Baghdad,"[3] and with its&nbsp;proximity&nbsp;to the western gate of the round city of Mansur and the existing canal, the opportunity&nbsp;to achieve a "communion of past and future" with the mosque as a focal point of development in the area.[4] In the Makiya Associates proposal, the site would be surrounded by a "monumental" boundary wall with recessed towers and entrance gateways. The mosque itself would be built of reinforced concrete, with precast elements for riwaqs, beams, and finishing panels, and aggregates assembled from all of Iraq to use in reconstructed stone and precast finish panels. A main dome 93 m in diameter would cover the mosque, with 20 subsidiary domes 24 m in diameter and 22 smaller domes 7 m in diameter. Makiya envisioned these domes becoming a landmark in the Baghdad skyline and creating an unmistakable silhouette at dusk. An inner sahn&nbsp;would accommodate 4,000 for outdoor prayer, while an outer sahn would have ablution fountains and be surrounded by riwaqs. There would be cultural pavilions devoted to the arts and culture of various Islamic countries, and a "wall of cultures" that would express the heritage of Iraqi and Islamic civilization with abstract mural paintings by Iraqi artists. The mosque would be surrounded by landscaped gardens inspired by those from around the Islamic world, in oasis, Andalusian, and Mughal styles.[5, 6] Additionally, the proposal suggested a series of public facilities in the immediate surroundings of the mosque that would "eventually reflect the status of the mosque as a true centre of the renaissance of Baghdad," including an orphanage, handicapped institute, and courts of justice. Public parks in the surrounding area would also be created or expanded.[7]&nbsp;The existing canal would be widened and revived to create a "Buhtury Lake" to the south of the mosque that would reflect the main dome and the mihrab, and revive the characteristics of Abbassid Baghdad as a city of rivers and domes.[8] The competition jury met in February 1983 and recommended the project submitted by&nbsp;Rasem Badran as First Place, with&nbsp;Ricardo Bofill and&nbsp;Maath Alousi invited to give support to the winner. The projects and recommendations were presented to President Saddam Hussein during an international symposium in October 1983.[9]&nbsp;Neither Makiya's design or any of the other designs were ultimately ever built. Notes: 1. Kanan Makiya,&nbsp;The monument: art, vulgarity, and responsibility in Iraq (London: Andre Deutsch, 1991), 60.2.&nbsp;State mosque competition, Baghdad, Iraq&nbsp;(Baghdād: Amanat al-ʻAsimā, 1983), 10.3. Makiya Associates, State Mosque - Baghdad Competition Design Report&nbsp;(London: [Makiya Associates], 1983), [Ch. 2 p. 5, Ch. 3 p. 1].4. Kanan Makiya, Post-Islamic Classicism (London: Saqi Books, 1990), 112.5.&nbsp;State Mosque - Baghdad Competition Design Report, Chapter 5.6. Makiya Associates, "State Mosque Baghdad" brochure (undated).7.&nbsp;State Mosque - Baghdad Competition Design Report, Chapter 6.8. Makiya Associates, "State Mosque Baghdad" brochure.9.&nbsp;Hasan-Uddin Khan, ed., "Regenerative Approaches to Mosque Design: Competition for State Mosque, Baghdad," MIMAR&nbsp;11 (1984): 46-47. Sources: Khan,&nbsp;Hasan-Uddin, ed. "Regenerative Approaches to Mosque Design: Competition for State Mosque, Baghdad."&nbsp;MIMAR&nbsp;11 (1984): 44-63. Makiya Associates. "State Mosque Baghdad" brochure, undated. Baghdad State Mosque records, Box 53. Mohamed Makiya Archive, Aga Khan Documentation Center at MIT. Makiya Associates.&nbsp;State Mosque - Baghdad Competition Design Report.&nbsp;London: Makiya Associates, 1983. Makiya, Kanan. The monument: art, vulgarity and&nbsp;responsibility&nbsp;in Iraq. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 1991. Makiya, Kanan.&nbsp;Post-Islamic Classicism.&nbsp;London: Saqi Books, 1990. State mosque competition, Baghdad, Iraq.&nbsp;Baghdād: Amanat al-ʻAsimā, 1983.

Baghdad State Mosque (Design)

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Makiya. Baghdad. BSM perspective view of scheme.

Centre for the Handicapped

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Al Baharna Hotel

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Makiya Associates

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