architectural history

art history

black and white photography

historical architecture

history of architecture

Images of Tangier and environs. Approximately 126 images in the collection.

 Tangier

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Morocco

glass plate negative

Tangier: Car on the Beach

Some sort of port has existed in the environs of <a href="http://archnet.org/authorities/3987 " rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Tangier</a> throughout most of recorded history, due to its harbor and strategic location on the Strait of Gibraltar.&nbsp;The Portuguese who had occupied the city from the late 15th century to 1662, tried to mitigate the rough waters of the Straits by building a breakwater, but the first truly ambitious attempt to built a port was made after the city was ceded to the English, who promptly began work on a 225 m long and 33 m wide mole of Tangier that they destroyed when driven out of the city in 1684.&nbsp; No attempt was made to rebuild until the late 19th century that a wooden pier was constructed.&nbsp;In the early 20th century piers and breakwaters were built to protect the port from storms. In 1921 the Société du port de Tanger was granted the exclusive right to build and maintain a modern port.&nbsp;Construction that began a few years later and lasted into the beginning of the 20th century included a 960 m breakwater, piers, and facilities for unloading Cargo.&nbsp;After independence control of the port went first to Régie Autonome du Port de Casablanca (RAPC), then to the Office d’Exploitation des Ports puis à l’Agence Nationale des Ports from 1985 to 2006.&nbsp;At that time the administration and maintenance of the port became the responsibility of the Agence Nationale des Ports.&nbsp; In 2007 a new port, Tanger-Med, went into operation 40 km east of Tangier to handle commercial shipping, and in 2010 the port was closed to all but the ferries from Europe and smaller vessels such as fishing boats.&nbsp;A major refurbishing is now underway.&nbsp;To the east of the ferry terminal, a large area for leisure boating and yachts is being built.&nbsp;A fishing port is being built on the opposite side, and the <a href="http://archnet.org/sites/10577" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Port Mosque</a> is being rebuilt with a larger capacity.&nbsp;It appears the <a href="http://archnet.org/sites/9189" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Customs House</a> is also being refurbished.&nbsp;The <a href="http://archnet.org/sites/2" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">train station</a> in the port is not longer operational, and the tracks to it have been removed.&nbsp;In addition, the beachfront train station just outside the port has been converted to a police station, and the beachfront tracks are also being removed.&nbsp; --Michael A. Toler, Archnet Content Manager Sources:Agence Nationale De Ports. "Port De Tanger - Présentation." The National Ports Agency. Accessed September 24, 2015. <a href="http://www.anp.org.ma/Services/Porttanger/Pages/Presentation.aspx" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">http://www.anp.org.ma/Services/Porttanger/Pages/Presentation.aspx</a>.American Legation, Tangier Morocco: Historic Structure Report, II-1-4. Washington, DC: United States Department of State, Overseas Building Operations, 2010.Boujibar, Naïma El-Khatib. "The Ports on the Strait" 192-202 in Mazzīn, Muḥammad, and Imḥammad Bin ʻAbbūd. Andalusian Morocco: Discovery in Living Art. [S.l.]: Museum With No Frontiers, 2001.Elbl, Martin. Portuguese Tangier (1471-1662): Colonial Urban Fabric as Cross-cultural Skeleton. Peterborough, Ontario: Baywolf Press, 2013.Guiguet-Bologne, Philippe. Un guide de Tanger et de sa région. Tangier: Litograf, 1996."Project." Project: Masterplan for the Tangier Old Harbour - Espinàs I Tarrasó SCP. Accessed November 20, 2016.&nbsp;<a href="http://www.world-architects.com/en/projects/50443_Masterplan_for_the_Tangier_Old_Harbour." rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">http://www.world-architects.com/en/projects/50443_Masterplan_for_the_Tangier_Old_Harbour.</a><a href="http://www.world-architects.com/en/projects/50443_Masterplan_for_the_Tangier_Old_Harbour." rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Roca, Juan, Ramon.&nbsp;Tangier and its surroundings. Alicante, Spain: Roca Vincente-Franquiera, 2011.</a>Stuart, Graham H. The International City of Tangier. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1955.Tanger et Sa Zone. Vol. 7. Villes Et Tribus Du Maroc. Documents Et Renseignements De La Mission Scientifique Du Maroc. Paris: E. Leroux, 1921.

Port (Tangier)

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Family Walking Along the Beach Outside Tangier

Beach and Bay

Paul Servant

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St. Andrew's Church

In 1880,&nbsp;<a href="http://archnet.org/authorities/2728" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Sultan Moulay Abd al-Aziz</a>&nbsp;donated the land for a church to serve the English community of&nbsp;<a href="http://archnet.org/authorities/3987" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Tangier</a>.&nbsp;The community quickly outgrew the initial structure, so the current structure was built in 1894, consecrated in 1905.&nbsp;The church is situated southwest of&nbsp;<a href="http://archnet.org/sites/9056" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Place 9 Avril 1947</a>&nbsp;and north of the&nbsp;<a href="http://archnet.org/sites/10299" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Villa de France&nbsp;Hotel</a>&nbsp;on Avenue d'Angleterre. The church cemetery is enclosed and contains graves of some of Tangier's most famous British residents. Both the external and internal decor of the church are remarkable in the use of Moorish structures and motifs.&nbsp;There is a square bell tower that resembles a minaret, and the roof is decorated with green tiles, as are most Islamic sites throughout Morocco. The decoration of the entrances and interior features extensive use of zellij, carved wood and stucco, horseshoe arches, and Arabic calligraphy, including biblical passages and the first portion of the Shahada, "There is no god but God."&nbsp;(لا إله إلا الله).&nbsp; Sources:&nbsp; “St Andrews’s Church.” MWNF - Sharing History. Accessed September 20, 2020. http://sharinghistory.museumwnf.org/database_item.php?id=monuments;AWE;ma;13;en. Consulted September 20, 2020. Archived at&nbsp;<a href="https://perma.cc/8CHS-C7M7" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://perma.cc/8CHS-C7M7</a>.

Saint Andrews Church

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Lycée Tangier

The oldest French lycée (high school) in Morocco, it was founded in 1913. The school was expanded with the G. Caillat&nbsp;Science Building in 1952.

Lycée Regnault de Tanger

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Fantasia

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Fantasia Performance

A residential district of Tangier, to the west of the old medina, that began to be settled around 1840, mostly by Europeans. &nbsp;

Marshan

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Tangier Port: Aerial View no. 4

An airfield has existed in Tangier since the early 20th century. The&nbsp;Aéroclub Royal de Tanger built a hangar that existed until 1971, and the commercial airport was opened by Air France in 1948.The current facility, formerly known as the&nbsp;Tangier Boukhalef Airport, the airport is named after the Moroccan traveler&nbsp;Ibn Battuta who was born in Tangier. Currently, the airport has aircraft parking space of 40,640 m2 , a 12,000 m2 passenger terminal, and a&nbsp; 529 m2 cargo terminal. It was renovated in 2008.&nbsp; Sources:&nbsp;Aéro Club Royal de Tanger, accessed November 8, 2020, http://www.aeroclubroyaldetanger.com/accueil.html.Archived at&nbsp;<a href="https://perma.cc/66AW-LEN7" target="_blank" data-bypass="true">https://perma.cc/66AW-LEN7</a> “Base Aérienne De Jemaa Sahim (Safi), Mars-Avril 1952 Aérodrome De Tanger, Projet De La Société Air-France, Février 1948,” FranceArchives, accessed November 8, 2020, https://francearchives.fr/fr/facomponent/c84276bc3871c3e5729dc417642a6b0ebf3c6f0d. Archived at&nbsp;<a href="https://perma.cc/PN4X-EPQE" target="_blank" data-bypass="true">https://perma.cc/PN4X-EPQE</a>.

Aeroport Ibn Battouta de Tanger

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Tangier Port: Aerial View no. 2

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View of the facade

In 1911 Don Manuel Peña and his wife Esperanza Orellana, both prominent members of Tangier society at the time, decided to build a theater near the <a href="http://archnet.org/sites/9056" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Grand Socco</a> in Tangier. <a href="https://www.archnet.org/authorities/2829/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Diego Jiménez Armstrong</a>, architect of a number of important structures in the city, was chosen as the architect. His design was realized by Construcciones Hidráulicas, under his supervision, and the theater opened in 1913, as is indicated in large tile decoration on the theater's edifice.&nbsp;The interior decor was elaborate, with the material brought from Spain.&nbsp;The stage was constructed by carpenter José de la Rosa, and the ceiling painted by Federico Ribera. Exterior sculptures are attributed to&nbsp;Cándido Mata Cañamaque. By 1929 the theater had become the property of the Spanish government, and in 1974 it became the property of the city of Tangier, sold by Spain for the symbolic price of 1 dirham. It is currently abandoned and in a state of disrepair, but in June 2016 plans were announced to convert the building into a cultural center.&nbsp; SOURCES:Albert, Rocío Rojas-Marcos. "El Gran Teatro Cervantes." In Tánger: La Ciudad Internacional, 142-50. Granada: Almed, 2009. "Esperanza Orellana 1, Gran Teatro Cervantes." Tánger. El Mundo En Una Ciudad. Ver Edificio. Accessed March 15, 2015. http://tingisaecid.com/v2/view_ent/view_building.php?id=80. “Morocco To Give New Life To 106-Year-Old Cervantes Theatre In Tangier – The North Africa Post.” 2023. The North Africa Post. February 13, 2023. https://northafricapost.com/65255-morocco-to-give-new-life-to-106-year-old-cervantes-theatre-in-tangier.html. Archived at: https://perma.cc/6UBC-DFD4. "Morocco to Re-open Cervantes Theatre in Tangier." Morocco World News RSS. June 07, 2016. Accessed June 13, 2016.&nbsp;http://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2016/06/188423/morocco-to-re-open-cervantes-theatre-in-tangier/. Redondo, Raúl. 2023. “Morocco Seeks To Recover The Splendour Of The Great Cervantes Theatre In Tangiers.” Atalayar. March 2, 2023. https://www.atalayar.com/en/articulo/culture/morocco-seeks-recover-splendour-great-cervantes-theatre-tangiers/20230302134102182002.html. Archived at: <a href="https://perma.cc/5YNM-BBRA" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://perma.cc/5YNM-BBRA</a>.

Gran Teatro Cervantes

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Man on a Donkey on Street

Box 11 - International Tangier

This collection currently contains approximately 2,000 images of the western Mediterranean, and particularly&nbsp;<a href="http://archnet.org/authorities/3987" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Tangier</a>, Morocco, during the period in which the city truly was an International Zone.&nbsp;The images are&nbsp;believed to be the work of Spanish photographer and longtime resident of Tangier,&nbsp;<a href="http://archnet.org/authorities/2852" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Paul Servant</a>.&nbsp;They document the city and multiple other locations in the region approximately between the last years of the 19th century and the 1930s. They are scanned from a large collection of medium-format, glass plate negatives in the collection of the Tangier American Institute for Moroccan Studies (<a href="http://archnet.org/sites/8271" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">TALIM</a>).&nbsp;The images of Morocco,&nbsp;<a href="http://archnet.org/collections/900" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">France</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://archnet.org/collections/805" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Spain</a>, <a href="#" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Algeria</a>, <a href="#" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Gibraltar</a>, and other places, provide important and rare visual documentation of these places between the First and Second World Wars, when nearly every aspect of society was in flux. Tangier is particularly well documented. Images capture the arrival of Europeans in the port, construction of the railway, some of the city's best-known buildings, and a wide variety of the city's inhabitants, Moroccan and European,&nbsp;civilian and military. With the help of multiple institutions,1&nbsp;most recently the&nbsp;<a href="http://www.wellesley.edu/mes#zSTCL0sb5iRCEj21.97" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Program in Middle Eastern Studies</a>&nbsp;and the Center for Work and Service of Wellesley College, the entire collection is now digitized and catalogued to the best degree possible.&nbsp;&nbsp; For reasons explained in the fuller history of the collection, many images are only partially identified, and some may even be misidentified. Do not hesitate to&nbsp;<a href="https://libraries.mit.edu/akdc/services-and-staff/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">contact us</a>&nbsp;if you are able to correct or provide further information on a photograph.&nbsp;&nbsp;Organization of the Collection:&nbsp;The complete collection is now online. The organization of the virtual collection reflects the organization of the physical glass negative collection as it is stored. Images are presented in sub-collections corresponding to the numbered boxes in which they are stored.&nbsp;The contents of each box are summarized on the description page for each collection.&nbsp; --Michael A. Toler, Archnet Content Manager (Updated October 8, 2016 ) 1&nbsp;For a fuller history and description of the project,&nbsp;see&nbsp;<a href="http://archnet.org/pages/TALIM-negatives" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">this page</a>.&nbsp;

International Tangier: Morocco & the Mediterranean as seen from Tangier in the Early 20th c.

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Box 11 - International Tangier

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Box 11 - International Tangier

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