Spain

Rafael Señán y González

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Transcripton of information written on photograph: "Recto: 1661 SEVILLA. Parte alta del Patio de las Munecas. Senan y Gonzalez/ fotografio; Verso:/ Interior: Dolls' Court, b [cut off]/ Senan y Gonzal [Gonzalez]."

photographic print

Seville. Alcazar. Dolls' Court (Patio de las Muñecas).

The Alcázar of Seville was constructed during the 12th century Almohad reign, but was rebuilt in 1364 for the Christian ruler Pedro I ("The Cruel"). All that remains of the Almohad palace is a section of wall and a cross-axially-planned garden, but the rebuilt palace's plan, gardens, and decorative programme place it squarely within the tradition of Islamic palaces on the Iberian Peninsula. The palace is arranged in blocks on three sides around a rectangular court, entered through the remains of an Almohad wall with arched openings. The block opposite the entrance has a façade ornamented with blind interlacing polylobed arcades. The entrance axis extends through two rectangular halls, across the main rectangular courtyard (the Patio de las Doncellas) and through the entrance to the rectangular hall at the opposite end of the courtyard. The Patio de las Doncellas is surrounded by luxurious rectangular reception halls ornamented with carved wood doors, ceilings, and polychrome glazed tile dados - all of which visually connect the Alcázar to the contemporary Nasrid palaces of the Alhambra. Paved with white marble, the Patio de las Doncellas has a large central fountain and is surrounded by an arcade ornamented with elaborately carved stucco. Arabic inscriptions referring to Pedro I as "sultan" are found throughout the courtyard and palace, carved in stucco and in wood. The Patio de las Muñecas (Court of the Dolls) is a smaller, though richly ornamented, interior courtyard located southeast of the Patio de las Doncellas, but still within the palace block north of the entrance court. The block on the west side of the entrance courtyard contains the square, vaulted Hall of Justice. The interior of the Hall opens onto the Patio del Yesso (Court of Stucco), whose name refers to the court's decoration in carved stucco. The two spaces are connected by water - a shallow fountain basin in the Hall's pavement flows into the pool of the Patio del Yesso along a shallow channel, much like the pavilion water features in the Alhambra's Court of the Lions. Though the Islamicizing appearance of the Alcázar is traditionally attributed to the work of Muslim craftsmen sent from Granada, it is not clear that the visual language created by the Nasrids at the Alhambra was only executed by Muslim craftsmen. The existence of churches, monasteries, and synagogues on the Iberian Peninsula that utilise this visual language suggests that such forms were widely appropriated by non-Muslim patrons and craftsmen who could work in the popular idiom. Sources: King, Geoffrey. "Spain." 1996. In Architecture of the Islamic World. Edited by George Michell. London: Thames &amp; Hudson, 215. Ruggles, D.F. 2000. "Palaces of the 11th and 12th centuries." In Gardens, Landscape, and Vision in the Palaces of Islamic Spain. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, p. 141-45.

Alcázar (Seville)

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Transcripton of information written on photograph: "176/ Seville./ Calle Mateos Gagos and the Giralda; Senan y Gonzalez 1634/ 98390/"

Seville. Giralda. View from Calle Mateos Gago

The minaret and sections of the courtyard are the most significant remains of the of the <a href="https://www.archnet.org/sites/2753">Great Mosque of Sevilla</a>. Completed in 1198 and attributed to the architects Ahmad ibn Baso and 'Alī de Gomara, the minaret sits at the east side of the main structure. The square shape of the minaret is typical of Maghrebi minarets to this day, but while the square structure predates La Giralda, the interior design exhibits an Almohad innovation. One climbs to the top of the minaret by a rectilinear-section ramp like that in the <a href="https://www.archnet.org/sites/1741">Kutubīyah Mosque</a> in Marrakech and the unfinished <a href="https://www.archnet.org/sites/2557">Hassān Tower</a> in Rabat. The minaret became a bell tower after the mosque was converted into a cathedral in the 13th c. Like the rest of the structure, it was damaged subsequently rebuilt by in the 1355 earthquake by the architect Hernán Ruiz II.It is one of the most distinctive architectural elements of Seville, and it continues to figure prominently in the city's iconography.

Giralda

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Transcripton of information written on photograph: "176/ Seville/ Cathedral and Giralda/ Exterior: general view/ Senan y Gonzales 1665/ 98402"

Seville. Cathedral. GV.

The Great Mosque of Seville was begun in 1172 during the rule of the Almohad caliph Abu Ya'qub Yusuf ibn 'Abd al-Mu'min (1163-1184). The mosque was constructed of brick and plaster, and was rectangular in plan. Buttressed and crenelated walls enclosed the prayer hall and the rectangular arcaded Court of the Oranges, whose main entrance was known as the Puerta del Perdon. The minaret, which is known as the Giralda after the word for the 
weathervane placed on its summit, was built in 1184. Each façade of the
 minaret, which is constructed of brick and stone, is ornamented with 
interlacing arches supported on columns enframed within rectangular 
panels. The panels frame a central vertical grouping of polylobed 
arched windows, and the composition was crowned by an arcade of 
interlacing polylobed arches. The belltower and its supporting base are
 additions from the 16th century Following the Christian conquest of Seville in 1248 the mosque was consecrated for use as the cathedral of Santa Maria de la Sede. Beginning in the early 15th century the mosque was mostly destroyed to make way for a new Gothic cathedral. The plan of the cathedral closely follows the former footprint of the mosque, making it one of the largest churches in the world. The Giralda, the Court of the Oranges, and the Gate of Pardon were integrated into the new composition of the new Gothic cathedral which was completed in the sixteenth century. Sources: Casamar Perez, Manuel. 1992. "The Almoravids and Almohads: An Introduction." al-Andalus: the art of Islamic Spain. New York: MMA, 75-83. Marcais, Georges. 1955. L'architecture musulmane d'occident : Tunisie, Algerie, Maroc, Espagne et Sicile. Paris : Arts et metiers graphiques, 206. Rodríguez Estévez, Juan Clemente. 1998. El alminar de Isbiliya : la Giralda en sus orígenes, 1184-1198. Sevilla : Ayuntamiento de Sevilla, Área de Cultura.

Mezquita de Sevilla

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Transcripton of information written on photograph: Recto: "1638  SEVILLA.  Catedral Puerta de los Principes.  Senan y Gonzalez. fotografo.; Verso:/ 176/ Seville./ Cathedral./ Exterior: main portal.; Senan y Gonzalez 1638/ 98393"

Seville. Cathedral. Portal.

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Transcripton of information written on photograph: Interior: Dolls' Court/ Senan y Gonz[alez]/ 

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Transcripton of information written on photograph: 176/ Seville/ Alcazar/ Exterior: gardens/ Senan y Gonzalez 1624/ 98386

Seville. Alcazar. Gardens.

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Transcripton of information written on photograph: 176/ Seville./ Alcazar./ Interior: Court of the Maidens.; Senan y Gonzalez/ 98397/ 

Seville. Alcazar. Court of the Maidens.

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Transcripton of information written on photograph: 176/ Seville./ Alcazar./ Interior: Court of the Maidens.; Senan y Gonzalez 1652./ 98385/ 

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Transcripton of information written on photograph: 176/ Seville/ Alcazar/ Interior: Court of the maidens/ photographer: senan y gonzalez/ 98396

Seville. Alcazar. Court of the Maidens

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Transcripton of information written on photograph: 176/ Alcazar/ Interior: court of the maidens/ photographer: senan y gonzalez/ 98398

Seville. Alcazar. Interior of Court of the Maidens

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<h2>ARCHNET FAQ</h2>1. Will ARCHNET work on my device?Archnet works well on the most recent version of any major browser (Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Edge), either on a mobile device or computer. It may work on older or less common browsers as well. If Archnet fails to work properly on your machine, please let us know about your experience by clicking the blue feedback button at bottom right!2. Will my URLs from earlier versions of Archnet still work?Yes, if they are from the version launched in January 2013. As of October 12, 2021, all URLs from the old Archnet have been redirected to ARCHNET.&nbsp;&nbsp;3. How do I download a/n:&nbsp;<ul><li>image - Select the image you want to download from search results, a site or an authority. The image will open in your browser.&nbsp;Right click to download.&nbsp;For larger, high-resolution copies, see contact us using archnet@mit.edu.&nbsp;</li><li>publication - Open the page for the publication in your browser and click the download button. Reprinting Archnet publications is permissible only for personal use.&nbsp;Please contact us for any other requests.&nbsp;</li><li>site descriptions and metadata - Site descriptions and metadata can be used for any nonprofit or educational organization with appropriate attribution to the authors and Archnet.&nbsp;</li><li>video - Currently video downloads are not possible. If you'd like to use an Archnet video, please contact <a href="mailto:archnet@mit.edu" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">archnet@mit.edu</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</li></ul>See our <a href="https://www.archnet.org/pages/terms" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Terms of Use</a> for information on how you can use Archnnet material.4. Can I contribute material to Archnet?&nbsp;Yes!&nbsp;See our <a href="https://www.archnet.org/pages/contribute" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Contribute</a> page for more information.&nbsp;Calls for specific contributions are also also shared in our social media and on the <a href="https://libraries.mit.edu/akdc/category/contributors/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">web site of the Aga Khan Documentation Center at MIT</a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;5. What happened to the Archnet Timeline?&nbsp;Timeline has migrated into the ARCHNET NEXT Collections page&nbsp;<a href="https://www.archnet.org/collections/collection_type/3/1" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">as a category</a>. These collections provide short introductions for each period, often offering lists of additional resources at the end of the entry. Only the timeline graphic listing the periods along a chronological axis has not migrated.6. My question isn't here.&nbsp;How can I get help?&nbsp;If your issue is with using Archnet, use the blue Feedback button to alert us to your issue. This will allow you to include a screenshot or recording. Please, also, feel free to contact us at <a href="mailto:archnet@mit.edu" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">archnet@mit.edu</a>We are currently developing the help section of ARCHNET NEXT. In the meantime, please use the blue Feedback button in ARCHNET NEXT to send us feedback or other questions. Contact us at <a href="mailto:archnet@mit.edu" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">archnet@mit.edu</a>.&nbsp;

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Welcome to ARCHNET, an open access, interdisciplinary, intellectual resource focused on the built environment of Muslim societies.Focused on the built environment of Islamic civilizations past and present, we seek to:<ul><li>Facilitate excellence in scholarship and professional work by&nbsp;providing reliable information and ready access&nbsp;to vetted, high-quality textual and multimedia resources&nbsp;focused on architecture, urbanism, environmental and landscape design,&nbsp;heritage&nbsp;conservation, economic and environmental sustainability, community development and resilience in the face of rapid change, and related topics.</li><li>Enable teaching and learning in these domains by providing educators with reliable, effective pedagogical material and teaching aids.&nbsp;</li><li>Serve as a platform through which scholars, practitioners, and institutions can bring their work to new global audiences.&nbsp;</li><li>Promote intercultural understanding and dialogue through reliable, high-quality, peer-reviewed material on the diversity of and pluralism within Muslim societies and the interaction between Islamic and other religious, cultural, and philosophical traditions as it relates to architecture and urbanism.</li><li>Enable easy access to a wide variety of resources via a custom-built, web-based, mobile-friendly platform optimized to minimize financial, infrastructural, linguistic, and other barriers to access.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li></ul>Launched in 2002 after several years of development, ARCHNET is a pioneering digital resource that has proven a reliable authority on the built environment of Muslim societies, past and present.&nbsp;ARCHNET is a partnership between the <a href="https://www.archnet.org/collections/1342" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Aga Khan Documentation Center, MIT Libraries</a> (AKDC@MIT) and the <a href="https://www.archnet.org/authorities/1903" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Aga Khan Trust for Culture</a> (AKTC), with support from the <a href="https://www.archnet.org/collections/50" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture</a> at Harvard and MIT.&nbsp;ARCHNET is developed and maintained by <a href="https://www.performantsoftware.com/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Performant Software Solutions</a>.

Rafael Señán y González
1864-1911
Spain

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Rafael Señán y González

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