Yasser Tabbaa

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digital graphic

IAA706167

Images of monuments constructed by the Umayyad dynasty (r. 661 - 750/ 41 - 132 AH) in Jerusalem, Amman, and the surrounding Palestinian and Jordanian steppe lands.

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slide

JOR0064

Jordan

Positioned at the northern section of the upper level of the Jabal al-Qal'a in Amman, Jordan, it is speculated that this Umayyad Qasr served as the regional administrative center from 720 to 750 AD. The complex incorporates an audience hall, four vaulted assembly rooms, and a colonnaded road. Outside of its walls to the southeast, yet still an extension of the site stands a palace bath, mosque, and cistern. It complex was probably built during the reign of Umayyad Caliph Hisham, between 724 and 743. The palace compound is approached from a large piazza to the south and accessed through an impressive gateway complete with stone benches that flank the entrance, which leads into a grand reception hall. Constructed of two varying sizes of limestone, the builders used sizeable masonry from structures previously extant on the site to assemble the lower section of the hall with slender and longer cut stones layered over them. The reception hall is formally organized as a cross with a central courtyard-like area, off of which are four equidistant rooms. Pointed, barrel-vaulted corner chambers flank the southern room of the cross and might have been used as waiting areas to enter the complex. The central area is 10 meters square; it is uncertain as to whether it remained covered or open. The entrances to each of the rooms from the central area are all arched, the north and south being barrel-vaulted and the east and west having semi-domes. These interior sections of the audience hall were richly adorned with stuccoes and other paintings depicting geometric patterns and leaf motifs of Sasanian influence. Structurally, two layers of stone measuring one meter high and two meters long form the walls, over which stands a ledge and then another band of masonry both of the same elevation. The band of stone supports a blind arcade that extends the course of all the rooms and consists of a total of 106 niches. Above this runs a dog-tooth relief with a ledge over it that extends into the west, north, and east rooms, and to the east and west walls of the southern room. Upon leaving the reception hall through an exit in its northern room, one enters a courtyard across from which runs the colonnaded street. The street itself extended thirteen columns long and it is probable that a wood constructed roof had covered its arcade. The street and the courtyard are flanked to the west and east by six suites (three on each side) of residential rooms, each organized around three sides of a central courtyard. The suites to the west are still under excavation. While the rooms vary slightly in their dimensions, their general layout remains consistent. Following the street to its conclusion one reaches the residential quarters of the Umayyad palace complex. Known as the Umayyad Residential Palace, it consists today of three buildings organized around a courtyard. Of the three, two are located to the east and were probably organized similarly to the suites of rooms mentioned earlier although little remains to discern their exact layouts. The third main structure encompasses a large barrel-vaulted hall that leads to the north into another small cross-shaped room with doors leading out of its four arched alcoves. It is speculated that this space acted as a throne room for the Umayyad governor. Behind this diwan, a terrace extends to the northern most part of the upper platform of the citadel. The main entrance to the hall is to the south and overlooks the courtyard with an iwan. To the south of the hall on either side of the hall, two rooms connect to back to the courtyard and the hall itself. To the west of these quarters extends an area largely unexcavated. Sources: Creswell, K. A. C. A Short Account of Early Muslim Architecture, 169-173. Rev. ed. Allan, James W. Aldershot: Scolar Press, 1989. Rollin, Sue and Streetly, Jane. Jordan Blue Guide, 51-57. London: A &amp; C Black, 1998.

Umayyad Palace at Amman

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IAA708471

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JOR0063

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JOR0071

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JOR0065

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JOR0070

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JOR0073

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JOR0072

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JOR0062

<blockquote>In the east side of the citadel of <a href="https://www.archnet.org/authorities/3504" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Amman,</a> next to the palace and the hammām built during the Umayyad period, a large open space contained a water reservoir with a capacity of almost 1,300 cubic meters. This reservoir not only supplied not only the bath but also a cultivated area of around 3,500 cubic meters. This arrangement of the garden beside the audience hall and the&nbsp;hammām was characteristic in Umayyad architecture.&nbsp;</blockquote><blockquote>The palace was destroyed by the earthquake of 749.</blockquote><blockquote>A. Almagro, P. Jiménez, and J. Navarro, El palacio omeya de Amman, vol. 3, Investigación arqueológica y restauración, 1989–1997, 31.</blockquote><blockquote>Source: Archaeological Analysis,&nbsp;20th century</blockquote> -<a href="https://www.archnet.org/authorities/10056" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Antonio Almagro</a>, <a href="https://www.archnet.org/authorities/10315" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">D. Fairchild Ruggles</a> Resources:El Palacio Omeya de Amman&nbsp;<a href="https://www.zotero.org/groups/4419435/items/NTM4ACJJ" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">(Open in Zotero)</a> Originally published at: Almagro, Antonio, and D. Fairchild Ruggles. “Amman Umayyad Citadel.” Middle East Garden Traditions. Dumbarton Oaks, November 18, 2014. https://www.doaks.org/resources/middle-east-garden-traditions/catalogue#b_start=0&amp;c6=Early+Islamic+Gardens+of+Greater+Syria. Archived at: https://perma.cc/7ZVW-NFSZ

Amman Umayyad Citadel (MEGT)

Umayyad Palestine and Jordan (Tabbaa Archive)

<div style="text-align: justify;">Dr.&nbsp;<a href="https://archnet.org/authorities/9259" target="_blank" data-bypass="true">Yasser Tabbaa</a>, a prominent scholar in Islamic art and architecture, donated his teaching collection of 35mm slides to the Aga Khan Documentation Center at MIT in the summer of 2015. The collection also included two&nbsp;<a href="https://archnet.org/collections/1305/details " target="_blank" data-bypass="true">original notebooks</a>&nbsp;documenting some of Dr. Tabbaa's travels. In addition, the online collection includes a select number of his&nbsp;<a href="https://archnet.org/collections/1304/details " target="_blank" data-bypass="true">publications</a>.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">The collection spans the majority of the Islamic world but is particularly strong in its documentation of the medieval Islamic architectural heritage of Syria, eastern Turkey, and Iraq. Together, this core group of original photographs records many of the most significant monuments in the historical regions of the Jazira (or Jazirat Aqur, the term medieval geographers used to denote the lands between the northern parts of the Tigris and Euphrates, including Mosul, Raqqa, Diyarbakir and Mardin) and Bilad al-Sham (a medieval toponym denoting greater Syria-Palestine with its major cities of Aleppo, Homs, Hama, Damascus, Jerusalem, and their hinterlands). Pertinent to the events of today, Dr. Tabbaa’s collection documents many of the monuments damaged or destroyed in recent conflicts in Iraq and Syria. His images and notes will be used in the continuing effort of AKDC to substantiate and record the loss of cultural heritage throughout the region.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">The digital collection is divided into groups to reflect the general system of geographic and chronological organization of sites in Dr. Tabbaa's slide cabinets. These groups appear as thumbnails on the main collection page and the images within them can be accessed by clicking on the thumbnail and then clicking "view collection."</div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">Please note: This collection is under development and digitization of Dr. Tabbaa's slides is ongoing.&nbsp; Images will be made available as soon as possible. &nbsp;A <a href="https://www.archnet.org/publications/10400" target="_blank" data-bypass="true">preliminary inventory</a> is available to offer an idea of the scope and contents of the collection. If you need specific images from this collection, please contact <a data-bypass="true" target="_blank" href="mailto:akdc@mit.edu">AKDC</a> directly.</div> (<a data-bypass="true" target="_blank" href="http://archnet.org/authorities/2684">Sharon C. Smith</a>, 8 October 2015)

Yasser Tabbaa Archive

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IAA708422

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Archnet is an Open Access resource, provided to the public to facilitate cultural understanding and excellence in both scholarship and practice. Content from Archnet.org may not be published, displayed, or appropriated for commercial use without the expressed written permission of the copyright holder. Unless otherwise noted, Archnet material is available for instructional, nonprofit use, and personal use on the terms of a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International</a> (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. Please contact Archnet to request permission to use the Archnet.org website and its contents beyond the scope outlined above. High-resolution images may be available by contacting us using <a href="mailto:archnet@mit.edu" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">archnet@mit.edu</a>. The content available on Archnet, including but not limited to information, text, graphics, logos, and multimedia related to the the <a href="https://www.archnet.org/authorities/1903" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Aga Khan Trust for Culture’</a>s programmes, such as the <a href="https://www.archnet.org/collections/54" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Historic Cities Programme</a>, the <a href="https://www.archnet.org/collections/848" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Aga Khan Award for Architecture</a> and the <a href="https://www.archnet.org/collections/132" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Aga Khan Music Programme</a>, may be protected by copyright, trademark, or other intellectual property rights and laws, whether owned by the Aga Khan Trust for Culture, its affiliates, or third parties. Unauthorized use, reproduction, distribution, modification, or display of this content is strictly prohibited without the express written permission of the respective copyright or trademark holder. Violation of this prohibition may result in legal penalties.

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<h2>ARCHNET FAQ</h2>1. Will ARCHNET work on my device?Archnet works well on the most recent version of any major browser (Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Edge), either on a mobile device or computer. It may work on older or less common browsers as well. If Archnet fails to work properly on your machine, please let us know about your experience by clicking the blue feedback button at bottom right!2. Will my URLs from earlier versions of Archnet still work?Yes, if they are from the version launched in January 2013. As of October 12, 2021, all URLs from the old Archnet have been redirected to ARCHNET.&nbsp;&nbsp;3. How do I download a/n:&nbsp;<ul><li>image - Select the image you want to download from search results, a site or an authority. The image will open in your browser.&nbsp;Right click to download.&nbsp;For larger, high-resolution copies, see contact us using archnet@mit.edu.&nbsp;</li><li>publication - Open the page for the publication in your browser and click the download button. Reprinting Archnet publications is permissible only for personal use.&nbsp;Please contact us for any other requests.&nbsp;</li><li>site descriptions and metadata - Site descriptions and metadata can be used for any nonprofit or educational organization with appropriate attribution to the authors and Archnet.&nbsp;</li><li>video - Currently video downloads are not possible. If you'd like to use an Archnet video, please contact <a href="mailto:archnet@mit.edu" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">archnet@mit.edu</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</li></ul>See our <a href="https://www.archnet.org/pages/terms" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Terms of Use</a> for information on how you can use Archnnet material.4. Can I contribute material to Archnet?&nbsp;Yes!&nbsp;See our <a href="https://www.archnet.org/pages/contribute" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Contribute</a> page for more information.&nbsp;Calls for specific contributions are also also shared in our social media and on the <a href="https://libraries.mit.edu/akdc/category/contributors/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">web site of the Aga Khan Documentation Center at MIT</a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;5. What happened to the Archnet Timeline?&nbsp;Timeline has migrated into the ARCHNET NEXT Collections page&nbsp;<a href="https://www.archnet.org/collections/collection_type/3/1" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">as a category</a>. These collections provide short introductions for each period, often offering lists of additional resources at the end of the entry. Only the timeline graphic listing the periods along a chronological axis has not migrated.6. My question isn't here.&nbsp;How can I get help?&nbsp;If your issue is with using Archnet, use the blue Feedback button to alert us to your issue. This will allow you to include a screenshot or recording. Please, also, feel free to contact us at <a href="mailto:archnet@mit.edu" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">archnet@mit.edu</a>We are currently developing the help section of ARCHNET NEXT. In the meantime, please use the blue Feedback button in ARCHNET NEXT to send us feedback or other questions. Contact us at <a href="mailto:archnet@mit.edu" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">archnet@mit.edu</a>.&nbsp;

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Welcome to ARCHNET, an open access, interdisciplinary, intellectual resource focused on the built environment of Muslim societies.Focused on the built environment of Islamic civilizations past and present, we seek to:<ul><li>Facilitate excellence in scholarship and professional work by&nbsp;providing reliable information and ready access&nbsp;to vetted, high-quality textual and multimedia resources&nbsp;focused on architecture, urbanism, environmental and landscape design,&nbsp;heritage&nbsp;conservation, economic and environmental sustainability, community development and resilience in the face of rapid change, and related topics.</li><li>Enable teaching and learning in these domains by providing educators with reliable, effective pedagogical material and teaching aids.&nbsp;</li><li>Serve as a platform through which scholars, practitioners, and institutions can bring their work to new global audiences.&nbsp;</li><li>Promote intercultural understanding and dialogue through reliable, high-quality, peer-reviewed material on the diversity of and pluralism within Muslim societies and the interaction between Islamic and other religious, cultural, and philosophical traditions as it relates to architecture and urbanism.</li><li>Enable easy access to a wide variety of resources via a custom-built, web-based, mobile-friendly platform optimized to minimize financial, infrastructural, linguistic, and other barriers to access.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li></ul>Launched in 2002 after several years of development, ARCHNET is a pioneering digital resource that has proven a reliable authority on the built environment of Muslim societies, past and present.&nbsp;ARCHNET is a partnership between the <a href="https://www.archnet.org/collections/1342" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Aga Khan Documentation Center, MIT Libraries</a> (AKDC@MIT) and the <a href="https://www.archnet.org/authorities/1903" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Aga Khan Trust for Culture</a> (AKTC), with support from the <a href="https://www.archnet.org/collections/50" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture</a> at Harvard and MIT.&nbsp;ARCHNET is developed and maintained by <a href="https://www.performantsoftware.com/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Performant Software Solutions</a>.

Umayyad Palestine and Jordan (Tabbaa Archive)

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Umayyad Palestine and Jordan (Tabbaa Archive)

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Authorities

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