This part of the<a href="https://archnet.org/collections/17" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">&nbsp;Kamil and Rifat Chadirji Photographic Archive</a>&nbsp;contains the photographs taken by&nbsp;<a href="https://archnet.org/authorities/8303" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Kamil Chadirji</a>&nbsp;(d. 1964). Kamil Chadirji was a prominent leftist politician in Iraq during the first half of the twentieth century.&nbsp;

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Iraq

black-and-white print

IKC0002

This famous mausoleum was constructed by the late Abbasid caliph al-Nasir li-Din Allah for his mother, Zumurrud Khatun, at the end of the twelfth/sixth century AH. In European sources, it was misidentified as the tomb of Sitta Zubayda, the wife of Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid. Located in an expansive cemetery, this brick tomb exhibits a nine-layered, cone-shaped muqarnas cover capped by a small cupola that rises to great height from an octagonal base, similar to the Imam Dur in Samarra. Hazarbaf decoration covers the exterior of the base while each façade is partitioned into four sunken square panels, two on the bottom and two on the top, themselves featuring decorative brickwork. Today, the tomb is entered from a square-planned, domed structure that was built to replace an earlier one. From this area, a staircase rises up to the base of the muqarnas dome while a tight corridor just over one meter large leads to the octagonal burial chamber. The light inside the vault emanates from small holes cut in the muqarnas dome producing a glowing effect. The mausoleum has been restored periodically throughout its lifespan. Sources: Khalil, Jabir and Strika, Vincenzo. The Islamic Architecture of Baghdad; the Results of a Joint Italian -Iraqi Survey, 18-22. Napoli: Istituto Universitario Orientale, 1987. Michell, George. ed. Architecture of the Islamic World; Its History and Social Meaning, 247. London: Thanes &amp; Hudson, 1978. Ettinghausen, Richard and Grabar, Oleg. The Art and Architecture of Islam 650-1250, 296-297. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1987.

Turba Zumurrud Khatun

Kamil Chadirji

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Archive ID numbers, based on notes written on print and accompanying sheet: KC/6/005-04 (original) KC/6/002-B13 (duplicate)

photographic print

Chadirji Photo Archive. Boxes. Group of Children in Date Palm Grove.

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Archive ID numbers, based on notes written on print and accompanying sheet: KC/3/030-01 (original)&nbsp;

Chadirji Photo Archive. Boxes. Reed Hut.

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digital graphic

IAA706443

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IKC0003

The German administrative buildings  were part of the Berlin-Baghdad railway project built before World War I

German Administrative Building

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Archive ID numbers, based on notes written on print and accompanying sheet: KC/4/062-04 (original)

Chadirji Photo Archive. Boxes. Woman and Children in Courtyard.

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IKC0004

Midan Square

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Archive ID numbers, based on notes written on print and accompanying sheet: KC/6/010-07 (original) KC/6/037-C12 (duplicate)

Chadirji Photo Archive. Boxes. Children.

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Archive ID numbers, based on notes written on print and accompanying sheet: KC/2/005-11 (original)

Chadirji Photo Archive. Boxes. Kamil Chadirji House. Garden.

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IKC0006

The term the "farthest mosque" is considered in Islamic tradition as the general name for the precinct of <a target="_blank" href="http://archnet.org/sites/4348">Haram al-Sharif</a> ("The Noble Sacred Enclosure") in Jerusalem, as well as the specific name for the congregational mosque located at its southern edge. The contemporary congregational mosque of al-Aqsa is a result of different stages of construction and renovations. It is usually agreed upon that 'Abd al-Malik (685-705), the Umayyad Caliph who was the patron of the Dome of the Rock, started the construction of al-Aqsa Mosque at the end of the 7th century. A major building phase took place during the time of the caliphate of his son, al-Walid (709-715). The building suffered from several major earthquakes and was renovated and reconstructed during the Abbasid period by Caliph al-Mahdi (775-785) and possibly by Caliph al-Mansur (754-775). A further reconstruction was executed during the Fatimid period, in the 11th century. During the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem the mosque was considered as Templum Salomonis (Royal Palace of Solomon) and it served as the palace of the Kings of Jerusalem and later as the dwelling place of the Knights Templars. At the same time the Dome of the Rock was regarded as the Templum Domini (The Temple of the Lord). Moreover, several major restorations are known to have taken place during the 14th and 20th century. The mosque consists today of a seven bay hypostyle hall with several additional small halls to the west and east of the southern section of the building. Unlike most hypostyle-style mosques the building does not have a clearly delineated courtyard unless one considers the whole Haram as its court. It is capped with a silver dome, made of lead sheets, which together with the golden dome of the Dome of the Rock, formulate the icon of the Haram in Jerusalem. Sources: Burgoyne, Michael H. 1976. A Chronological Index to the Muslim Monuments of Jerusalem. In The Architecture of Islamic Jerusalem. Jerusalem: The British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem. Burgoyne, Michael Hamilton. 1987. Mamluk Jerusalem: An Architectural Study. Jerusalem: British School of Archeology in Jerusalem, 45-47 Grabar, Oleg and Nuseibeh Said. 1996. The Dome of the Rock. New York: Rizzoli, 43-47 Grabar, Oleg. 1996. The Shape of the Holy: Early Islamic Jerusalem. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 117-122 Hamilton, Robert. 1992. Once Again the Aqsa. In Bayt al-Maqdis: Abd al-Malik Jerusalem. edited by Raby, Julian and Johns, Jeremy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 141-144 Rosen-Ayalon, Myrian. 1989. The Early Islamic Monuments of Al-Haram al-Sharif: An Iconographic study. Jerusalem: Qedem, 4-7.

Jami' al-Aqsa

Kamil Chadirji's Photographs

<a href="https://archnet.org/authorities/8303" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Kamil Chadirji</a> (1897-1968), born to an influential Baghdad family, played a central role in the political life of lraq as founder and President of the National Democratic Party. His position allowed him unique opportunities to take photographs throughout Iraq and other countries in the Middle East. Kamil’s son, <a href="https://archnet.org/authorities/11" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Rifat Chadirji</a> (1926-2020), perhaps better known as one of the most influential Iraqi architects of the 20th century<a href="https://libraries.mit.edu/akdc/2017/12/09/the-kamil-and-rifat-chadirji-photographic-archive-comes-to-akdcmit/#_edn1" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">[1]</a>, was also an accomplished photographer, author, teacher, and critic. Together, their vast collection spans more than 5 decades and contains ca. 100,000 negatives and images documenting the Middle East, primarily Iraq. The collection illustrates daily life, cultural engagement, and social conditions in the Middle East from the 1920s – 1970s. This important record also provides a unique look at the significant transformation of Baghdad’s built environment over time.Once on loan to the <a href="http://www.fai.org.lb/home.aspx" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Arab Image Foundation</a> (Beirut, Lebanon), the entire collection has been given to the&nbsp;<a href="https://archnet.org/collections/1342" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Aga Khan Documentation Center at MIT</a>&nbsp;through a gift from the Chadirji family. In 2016, while on loan to the Arab Image Foundation and with a grant from the Graham Foundation, the photography of Rifat Chadirji, in particular, was highlighted in an exhibition entitled,&nbsp;<a href="http://archive.is/DQjJ5" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Every Building in Baghdad: The Rifat Chadirji Archives at the Arab Image Foundation</a>,&nbsp;which opened in&nbsp;<a href="http://www.laxart.org/exhibitions/upcoming/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Los Angeles, CA</a> early January 2018, before returning to MIT. For a complete list of boxes in the collection and information on how to request access, see the <a href="https://archivesspace.mit.edu/repositories/5/resources/1312" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Collection's Page on MIT ArchiveSpace </a>or contact akdc@mit.edu. Archnet features a small number of prints and negatives digitized from the collection. The material on Archnet is divided into two main sections:&nbsp; <ul><li><a href="https://www.archnet.org/collections/1427/details" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Photographs by Kamil Chadirji</a></li><li><a href="https://www.archnet.org/collections/1426/details" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Photographs by Rifat Chadirji</a></li></ul> While both collections contain images of people and places, the Rifat Chadirji collection also contains a collection of photographs that Rifat Chadirji took of&nbsp;<a href="https://www.archnet.org/collections/1425/details" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">his architectural projects</a>.&nbsp; <a href="https://archnet.org/authorities/2684" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Sharon C. Smith, Ph.D.</a>Founding Program Head, Aga Khan Documentation Center at MITCambridge, MA21 December 2017 <a href="https://libraries.mit.edu/akdc/2017/12/09/the-kamil-and-rifat-chadirji-photographic-archive-comes-to-akdcmit/#_ednref1" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">[1]</a> Through the generosity of Rifat and Balkis Chadirji, AKDC@MIT also houses the <a href="https://libraries.mit.edu/news/pioneering-iraqi/19711/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Rifat Chadirji Architecture Archive.</a>

Kamil and Rifat Chadirji Photographic Archive

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IAA706256

Archnet is a community-powered resource that provides ready access to visual and textual material to facilitate teaching, scholarship, and professional work of high quality.&nbsp;This unparalleled resource continues to grow with both the addition of historic archives and documentation on contemporary trends shaping the built environment today.&nbsp;To better serve you, our user, in the study of art and architecture of Muslim societies, we continue to build our vast collection of sites, publications, images, and videos. To ensure a high level of scholarly content and accuracy in the information provided, we appreciate your expert feedback and, more importantly, your contributions..&nbsp;&nbsp;<ul><li>Please send comments, corrections, commendations, and other feedback to <a href="mailto:archnet@mit.edu" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">archnet@mit.edu</a>.&nbsp;</li><li>If you find sites on Archnet to which you can contribute in compelling and meaningful ways, your generosity is most welcome. If you would be interested in contributing research, publications or other media to Archnet, please contact us using <a href="about:blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">archnet-submission@mit.edu</a>.&nbsp;</li><li>We invite contributions of relevant, previously published, Open Access or copyrighted material for which you are able to grant Archnet a non-exclusive license. Please contact us using <a href="about:blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">archnet-submission@mit.edu</a>.&nbsp;</li><li>We invite the contribution of syllabi, lesson plans, recorded lectures, or other material for our pedagogy project. Please contact us using <a href="about:blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">archnet-submission@mit.edu</a>.&nbsp;</li><li>We welcome the donation of select archives based on our current editorial policies and priorities.&nbsp;If you have a collection you would like to bring to the attention of Archnet's editors, please send an email to: <a href="http://mailto: archnet-submission@mit.edu/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">archnet-submission@mit.edu</a>.</li><li>Occasionally, Archnet editors issue calls for contributions on specific themes or of particular types of material. Follow those on the <a href="https://libraries.mit.edu/akdc/category/contributors/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">website of AKDC@MIT </a>or <a href="https://mailchi.mp/17fc345bbd94/archnetakdc-updates" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">subscribe to our mailing list</a>.</li></ul> The breadth, depth, and quality of Archnet is oachieved through the generosity of numerous institutions and individuals listed on the respective pages throughout the site.&nbsp;We thank you for your generosity!

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Archnet is an Open Access resource, provided to the public to facilitate cultural understanding and excellence in both scholarship and practice. Content from Archnet.org may not be published, displayed, or appropriated for commercial use without the expressed written permission of the copyright holder. Unless otherwise noted, Archnet material is available for instructional, nonprofit use, and personal use on the terms of a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International</a> (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. Please contact Archnet to request permission to use the Archnet.org website and its contents beyond the scope outlined above. High-resolution images may be available by contacting us using <a href="mailto:archnet@mit.edu" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">archnet@mit.edu</a>. The content available on Archnet, including but not limited to information, text, graphics, logos, and multimedia related to the the <a href="https://www.archnet.org/authorities/1903" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Aga Khan Trust for Culture’</a>s programmes, such as the <a href="https://www.archnet.org/collections/54" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Historic Cities Programme</a>, the <a href="https://www.archnet.org/collections/848" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Aga Khan Award for Architecture</a> and the <a href="https://www.archnet.org/collections/132" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Aga Khan Music Programme</a>, may be protected by copyright, trademark, or other intellectual property rights and laws, whether owned by the Aga Khan Trust for Culture, its affiliates, or third parties. Unauthorized use, reproduction, distribution, modification, or display of this content is strictly prohibited without the express written permission of the respective copyright or trademark holder. Violation of this prohibition may result in legal penalties.

Terms of use

<h2>ARCHNET FAQ</h2>1. Will ARCHNET work on my device?Archnet works well on the most recent version of any major browser (Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Edge), either on a mobile device or computer. It may work on older or less common browsers as well. If Archnet fails to work properly on your machine, please let us know about your experience by clicking the blue feedback button at bottom right!2. Will my URLs from earlier versions of Archnet still work?Yes, if they are from the version launched in January 2013. As of October 12, 2021, all URLs from the old Archnet have been redirected to ARCHNET.&nbsp;&nbsp;3. How do I download a/n:&nbsp;<ul><li>image - Select the image you want to download from search results, a site or an authority. The image will open in your browser.&nbsp;Right click to download.&nbsp;For larger, high-resolution copies, see contact us using archnet@mit.edu.&nbsp;</li><li>publication - Open the page for the publication in your browser and click the download button. Reprinting Archnet publications is permissible only for personal use.&nbsp;Please contact us for any other requests.&nbsp;</li><li>site descriptions and metadata - Site descriptions and metadata can be used for any nonprofit or educational organization with appropriate attribution to the authors and Archnet.&nbsp;</li><li>video - Currently video downloads are not possible. If you'd like to use an Archnet video, please contact <a href="mailto:archnet@mit.edu" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">archnet@mit.edu</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</li></ul>See our <a href="https://www.archnet.org/pages/terms" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Terms of Use</a> for information on how you can use Archnnet material.4. Can I contribute material to Archnet?&nbsp;Yes!&nbsp;See our <a href="https://www.archnet.org/pages/contribute" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Contribute</a> page for more information.&nbsp;Calls for specific contributions are also also shared in our social media and on the <a href="https://libraries.mit.edu/akdc/category/contributors/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">web site of the Aga Khan Documentation Center at MIT</a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;5. What happened to the Archnet Timeline?&nbsp;Timeline has migrated into the ARCHNET NEXT Collections page&nbsp;<a href="https://www.archnet.org/collections/collection_type/3/1" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">as a category</a>. These collections provide short introductions for each period, often offering lists of additional resources at the end of the entry. Only the timeline graphic listing the periods along a chronological axis has not migrated.6. My question isn't here.&nbsp;How can I get help?&nbsp;If your issue is with using Archnet, use the blue Feedback button to alert us to your issue. This will allow you to include a screenshot or recording. Please, also, feel free to contact us at <a href="mailto:archnet@mit.edu" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">archnet@mit.edu</a>We are currently developing the help section of ARCHNET NEXT. In the meantime, please use the blue Feedback button in ARCHNET NEXT to send us feedback or other questions. Contact us at <a href="mailto:archnet@mit.edu" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">archnet@mit.edu</a>.&nbsp;

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Welcome to ARCHNET, an open access, interdisciplinary, intellectual resource focused on the built environment of Muslim societies.Focused on the built environment of Islamic civilizations past and present, we seek to:<ul><li>Facilitate excellence in scholarship and professional work by&nbsp;providing reliable information and ready access&nbsp;to vetted, high-quality textual and multimedia resources&nbsp;focused on architecture, urbanism, environmental and landscape design,&nbsp;heritage&nbsp;conservation, economic and environmental sustainability, community development and resilience in the face of rapid change, and related topics.</li><li>Enable teaching and learning in these domains by providing educators with reliable, effective pedagogical material and teaching aids.&nbsp;</li><li>Serve as a platform through which scholars, practitioners, and institutions can bring their work to new global audiences.&nbsp;</li><li>Promote intercultural understanding and dialogue through reliable, high-quality, peer-reviewed material on the diversity of and pluralism within Muslim societies and the interaction between Islamic and other religious, cultural, and philosophical traditions as it relates to architecture and urbanism.</li><li>Enable easy access to a wide variety of resources via a custom-built, web-based, mobile-friendly platform optimized to minimize financial, infrastructural, linguistic, and other barriers to access.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li></ul>Launched in 2002 after several years of development, ARCHNET is a pioneering digital resource that has proven a reliable authority on the built environment of Muslim societies, past and present.&nbsp;ARCHNET is a partnership between the <a href="https://www.archnet.org/collections/1342" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Aga Khan Documentation Center, MIT Libraries</a> (AKDC@MIT) and the <a href="https://www.archnet.org/authorities/1903" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Aga Khan Trust for Culture</a> (AKTC), with support from the <a href="https://www.archnet.org/collections/50" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture</a> at Harvard and MIT.&nbsp;ARCHNET is developed and maintained by <a href="https://www.performantsoftware.com/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Performant Software Solutions</a>.

Kamil Chadirji's Photographs

Parent Collections

Kamil Chadirji's Photographs

Images & Videos

Parent Collections