Images of landscapes, monuments, and people in Ghazni Province, Afghanistan, taken between 1958 and 1972 by&nbsp;<a href="https://archnet.org/authorities/2960" target="_blank" data-bypass="true">Josephine Powell</a>.<div><br></div><div><br></div>

Josephine Powell

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General view. Minaret of Bahram Shah. Ghazni. Afghanistan.

Afghanistan

<div style="text-align: justify;">The minaret of Bahram Shah is one of two monumental towers at Ghazni. It is located to the northeast of the modern city, in a ruin field that also contains a number of Ghaznavid tombs and palaces. An inscription on the minaret states that Bahram Shah, a Ghaznivid ruler who reigned from 1117-1153/511-547 AH, ordered its construction.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">The tower as it stands today only represents part of the original construction. The conical tin roof is a modern addition and shaft in the form of an eight-point star would have been the base for a second, likely cylindrical shaft, doubling the minaret's height. The facade of the remaining portion of the shaft is divided into rectangular fields featuring brickwork arranged in zig-zag patterns. At the top is a wide inscription in monumental Kufic script set within a wide band.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-style: italic;">Sources</span>:&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="text-indent: -2em;"><br></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="text-indent: -2em;">Ball, Warwick. </span><i style="text-indent: -2em;">Archaeological Gazetteer of Afghanistan</i><span style="text-indent: -2em;">. Revised Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019.</span></div><div class="csl-bib-body" style="line-height: 1.35; margin-left: 2em; text-indent:-2em;">
  
  <span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzotero.org%3A2&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Archaeological%20Gazetteer%20of%20Afghanistan&amp;rft.place=Oxford&amp;rft.publisher=Oxford%20University%20Press&amp;rft.edition=Revised%20Edition&amp;rft.aufirst=Warwick&amp;rft.aulast=Ball&amp;rft.au=Warwick%20Ball&amp;rft.date=2019&amp;rft.language=English"></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="text-indent: -2em;"><br></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="text-indent: -2em;">Sourdel-Thomine, Janine. “Deux minarets d’époque seljoukide en Afghanistan.” </span><i style="text-indent: -2em;">Syria</i><span style="text-indent: -2em;"> 30, no. 1–2 (1953): 108–36.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="text-indent: -2em;"><br></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="text-indent: -2em;"><br></span></div><div class="csl-bib-body" style="line-height: 1.35; margin-left: 2em; text-indent:-2em;">
  
  <span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzotero.org%3A2&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Deux%20minarets%20d%E2%80%99%C3%A9poque%20seljoukide%20en%20Afghanistan&amp;rft.jtitle=Syria&amp;rft.volume=30&amp;rft.issue=1-2&amp;rft.aufirst=Janine&amp;rft.aulast=Sourdel-Thomine&amp;rft.au=Janine%20Sourdel-Thomine&amp;rft.date=1953&amp;rft.pages=108-136&amp;rft.spage=108&amp;rft.epage=136&amp;rft.language=French"></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div>

Manar-i Bahram Shah

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digital graphic

IAA706533

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Upper half. Minaret of Bahram Shah. Ghazni. Afghanistan.

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Ghazni Province (Powell Collection)

<div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify; ">This collection houses examples of photographs taken by&nbsp;<a href="https://archnet.org/authorities/2960" target="_blank" data-bypass="true">Josephine Powell</a>, a self-taught photographer of architecture, art objects, landscapes, and people who worked primarily in the Middle East and the Mediterranean. Powell received a degree in social work in 1945, but went on to become a photographer of antiquities in Rome. Her work turned toward ethnographic material (scenes of every day life and crafts produced in villages) when she moved to Istanbul in 1974.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify; "><br></div><div style="text-align: justify; ">Powell traveled extensively throughout the region and photographed the places she saw. This collection contains images from Afghanistan and the adjacent Central Asian countries, taken between the 1950s and 1970s. Many of the buildings and places she photographed are remote and difficult to access, and others have changed completely since the time she visited. The photographs are especially rich in decorative details and reveal the photographer's eye for the sculptural form of architecture.&nbsp;Her documentation of the surrounding land- and city-scapes - and the hustle and bustle of daily life within them - are equally valuable as documentation of cultural heritage.</div><div style="text-align: justify; "><br></div><div style="text-align: justify; ">The images featured here are all housed in the&nbsp;<a href="http://id.lib.harvard.edu/alma/990119685550203941/catalog" target="_blank" data-bypass="true">Josephine Powell Archive</a>&nbsp;at Harvard Fine Arts Library. Read more about these photographic collections&nbsp;<a href="https://library.harvard.edu/collections/photographer-archives" target="_blank" data-bypass="true">here</a>.</div><div style="text-align: justify; "><br></div><div style="text-align: justify; "><br></div>

Josephine Powell: Afghanistan and Central Asia

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IAA708575

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<h2><strong>ARCHNET FAQ</strong></h2><p>1. <strong>Will ARCHNET work on my device?</strong></p><p>Archnet works well on the most recent version of any major browser (Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Edge), either on a mobile device or computer. It may work on older or less common browsers as well. If Archnet fails to work properly on your machine, please let us know about your experience by clicking the blue feedback button at bottom right!</p><p><strong>2. Will my URLs from earlier versions of Archnet still work?</strong></p><p>Yes, if they are from the version launched in January 2013. As of October 12, 2021, all URLs from the old Archnet have been redirected to ARCHNET.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p><strong>3. How do I download a/n:&nbsp;</strong></p><ul><li><strong>image</strong> - Select the image you want to download from search results, a site or an authority. The image will open in your browser.&nbsp;Right click to download.&nbsp;For larger, high-resolution copies, see contact us using archnet@mit.edu.&nbsp;</li><li><strong>publication</strong> - Open the page for the publication in your browser and click the download button. Reprinting Archnet publications is permissible only for personal use.&nbsp;Please contact us for any other requests.&nbsp;</li><li><strong>site descriptions and metadata </strong>- Site descriptions and metadata can be used for any nonprofit or educational organization with appropriate attribution to the authors and Archnet.&nbsp;</li><li><strong>video</strong> - Currently video downloads are not possible. If you'd like to use an Archnet video, please contact <a href="mailto:archnet@mit.edu" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">archnet@mit.edu</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</li></ul><p>See our <a href="https://www.archnet.org/pages/terms" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Terms of Use</a> for information on how you can use Archnnet material.</p><p><strong>4. Can I contribute material to Archnet?&nbsp;</strong></p><p>Yes!&nbsp;See our <a href="https://www.archnet.org/pages/contribute" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Contribute</a> page for more information.&nbsp;Calls for specific contributions are also also shared in our social media and on the <a href="https://libraries.mit.edu/akdc/category/contributors/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">web site of the Aga Khan Documentation Center at MIT</a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p><strong>5. What happened to the Archnet Timeline?&nbsp;</strong></p><p>Timeline has migrated into the ARCHNET NEXT Collections page&nbsp;<a href="https://www.archnet.org/collections/collection_type/3/1" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">as a category</a>. These collections provide short introductions for each period, often offering lists of additional resources at the end of the entry. Only the timeline graphic listing the periods along a chronological axis has not migrated.</p><p><strong>6. My question isn't here.&nbsp;How can I get help?&nbsp;</strong></p><p>If your issue is with using Archnet, use the blue Feedback button to alert us to your issue. This will allow you to include a screenshot or recording. Please, also, feel free to contact us at <a href="mailto:archnet@mit.edu" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">archnet@mit.edu</a></p><p><strong>We are currently developing the help section of ARCHNET NEXT. In the meantime, please use the blue Feedback button in ARCHNET NEXT to send us feedback or other questions. Contact us at </strong><a href="mailto:archnet@mit.edu" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><strong>archnet@mit.edu</strong></a><strong>.</strong></p><p>&nbsp;</p>

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<p><strong>Welcome to ARCHNET, an open access, interdisciplinary, intellectual resource focused on the built environment of Muslim societies.</strong></p><p>Focused on the built environment of Islamic civilizations past and present, we seek to:</p><ul><li>Facilitate excellence in scholarship and professional work by&nbsp;providing reliable information and ready access&nbsp;to vetted, high-quality textual and multimedia resources&nbsp;focused on architecture, urbanism, environmental and landscape design,&nbsp;heritage&nbsp;conservation, economic and environmental sustainability, community development and resilience in the face of rapid change, and related topics.</li><li>Enable teaching and learning in these domains by providing educators with reliable, effective pedagogical material and teaching aids.&nbsp;</li><li>Serve as a platform through which scholars, practitioners, and institutions can bring their work to new global audiences.&nbsp;</li><li>Promote intercultural understanding and dialogue through reliable, high-quality, peer-reviewed material on the diversity of and pluralism within Muslim societies and the interaction between Islamic and other religious, cultural, and philosophical traditions as it relates to architecture and urbanism.</li><li>Enable easy access to a wide variety of resources via a custom-built, web-based, mobile-friendly platform optimized to minimize financial, infrastructural, linguistic, and other barriers to access.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li></ul><p>Launched in 2002 after several years of development, ARCHNET is a pioneering digital resource that has proven a reliable authority on the built environment of Muslim societies, past and present.&nbsp;</p><p>ARCHNET is a partnership between the <a href="https://www.archnet.org/collections/1342" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Aga Khan Documentation Center, MIT Libraries</a> (AKDC@MIT) and the <a href="https://www.archnet.org/authorities/1903" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Aga Khan Trust for Culture</a> (AKTC), with support from the <a href="https://www.archnet.org/collections/50" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture</a> at Harvard and MIT.&nbsp;ARCHNET is developed and maintained by <a href="https://www.performantsoftware.com/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Performant Software Solutions</a>.</p>

Ghazni Province (Powell Collection)

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Ghazni Province (Powell Collection)

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