<div> </div><div>Images of monuments, people, and landscapes in Bukhara, Uzbekistan taken by&nbsp;<a href="https://archnet.org/authorities/2960" target="_blank" data-bypass="true">Josephine Powell</a>&nbsp;circa 1959 to 1961. </div><div> </div><div> </div>

Josephine Powell

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Door. Geometrical Patterns. Kalan Mosque. Uzbekistan.

Uzbekistan

This immense four-iwan mosque occupies the site of an earlier congregational mosque commissioned by Qarakhanid ruler Arslan Khan, of which only the minaret remains. The structure evident today was initiated under the Timurids during the fifteenth century and completed under Ubaydallah Khan, the Shaybanid appanage in Bukhara. A single story arcade of blind arches forms the main exterior façade, from the center of which projects a tall pishtaq with a semi-octagonal iwan. Behind this is situated a vestibule. A single story arcade lines the courtyard, iwans fronted by pishtaqs marking the center of each façade. The qibla façade is emphasized by the tallest pishtaq, behind which a high dome rises over the sanctuary. A small bridge leading from the roof of the mosque provides access to the minaret.&nbsp; Hazarbaf brickwork predominates, with hexagonal haft-rangi floral tiles in the spandrels. The sanctuary mihrab, probably dating from the sixteenth century, was executed in mosaic faience.&nbsp; Sources: Golombek, L. and Wilber, D. eds. 1988. The Timurid Architecture of Iran and Turan. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 228-230. Michell, G. 1995. Architecture of the Islamic World. London: Thames and Hudson, 259.

Masjidi Kalon

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digital graphic

IAA708573

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Minaret. Portal. Arches. Kalan mosque. Bukhara. Uzbekistan.

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Entryway. Courtyard. Kalan Mosque. Minaret. Bukhara. Uzbekistan.

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Woman. Door. Kalan Mosque. Bukhara. Uzbekistan.

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Car. Bukhara. Uzbekistan.

One of three madrasas commissioned by Ulugh Beg, this one in Bukhara was constructed over the same years as that in Samarkand. The builder, Ismail b. Tahir b. Mahmud al-Isfahani utilized the traditional courtyard plan, but instead of the standard four iwans, he included only two, located on the entrance (longitudinal) axis. A double-height arcade of niches links the iwans, each niche leading to a rectangular, barrel vaulted student cell. The main exterior façade features a centered pishtaq flanked by a double-height arcade that terminates in corner towers. A square vestibule beyond the entrance iwan provides access to the courtyard and to flanking large domed chambers; one is a winter mosque, the other a classroom. The decorative scheme makes considerable use of hazarbaf brick patterns in dark and light blue glazed tile. The entrance iwan also includes haft rangi tiles with extensive gilding. Traces of painting remain on the mihrab of the mosque. The Ulugh Beg Madrasa faces the larger Abd al-Aziz Khan Madrasa, constructed 1645-1680. Sources: Golombek, L. and Wilber, D. eds. 1988. The Timurid Architecture of Iran and Turan. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 227-228. "Ulughbek Medrassa". World Monuments Fund Panographies. <a href="http://www.world-heritage-tour.org/asia/uz/bukhara/ulughbekMedressa_out.html" target="_blank">http://www.world-heritage-tour.org/asia/uz/bukhara/ulughbekMedressa_out.html</a>. [Accessed February 2, 2006]

Ulugʻbek Madrasasi

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Bukhara. Madrasah-i Ulug Beg.

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Bukhara. Alim Khan Madrasa. Entrance.

Amir Olimxon Madrasasi

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Rear. Dome. Mihrab. Kalan Mosque. Bukhara. Uzbekistan.

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Bukhara. Ulugh Beg Madrasa. Courtyard. View NW.

Bukhara City (Powell Collection)

<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify; ">This collection houses examples of photographs taken by&nbsp;<a href="https://archnet.org/authorities/2960" target="_blank" data-bypass="true">Josephine Powell</a>, a self-taught photographer of architecture, art objects, landscapes, and people who worked primarily in the Middle East and the Mediterranean. Powell received a degree in social work in 1945, but went on to become a photographer of antiquities in Rome. Her work turned toward ethnographic material (scenes of every day life and crafts produced in villages) when she moved to Istanbul in 1974.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify; "> </div><div style="text-align: justify; ">Powell traveled extensively throughout the region and photographed the places she saw. This collection contains images from Afghanistan and the adjacent Central Asian countries, taken between the 1950s and 1970s. Many of the buildings and places she photographed are remote and difficult to access, and others have changed completely since the time she visited. The photographs are especially rich in decorative details and reveal the photographer's eye for the sculptural form of architecture.&nbsp;Her documentation of the surrounding land- and city-scapes - and the hustle and bustle of daily life within them - are equally valuable as documentation of cultural heritage.</div><div style="text-align: justify; "> </div><div style="text-align: justify; ">The images featured here are all housed in the&nbsp;<a href="http://id.lib.harvard.edu/alma/990119685550203941/catalog" target="_blank" data-bypass="true">Josephine Powell Archive</a>&nbsp;at Harvard Fine Arts Library. Read more about these photographic collections&nbsp;<a href="https://library.harvard.edu/collections/photographer-archives" target="_blank" data-bypass="true">here</a>.</div><div style="text-align: justify; "> </div><div style="text-align: justify; "> </div>

Josephine Powell: Afghanistan and Central Asia

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IAA708575

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<h2>ARCHNET FAQ</h2>1. Will ARCHNET work on my device?Archnet works well on the most recent version of any major browser (Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Edge), either on a mobile device or computer. It may work on older or less common browsers as well. If Archnet fails to work properly on your machine, please let us know about your experience by clicking the blue feedback button at bottom right!2. Will my URLs from earlier versions of Archnet still work?Yes, if they are from the version launched in January 2013. As of October 12, 2021, all URLs from the old Archnet have been redirected to ARCHNET.&nbsp;&nbsp;3. How do I download a/n:&nbsp;<ul><li>image - Select the image you want to download from search results, a site or an authority. The image will open in your browser.&nbsp;Right click to download.&nbsp;For larger, high-resolution copies, see contact us using archnet@mit.edu.&nbsp;</li><li>publication - Open the page for the publication in your browser and click the download button. Reprinting Archnet publications is permissible only for personal use.&nbsp;Please contact us for any other requests.&nbsp;</li><li>site descriptions and metadata - Site descriptions and metadata can be used for any nonprofit or educational organization with appropriate attribution to the authors and Archnet.&nbsp;</li><li>video - Currently video downloads are not possible. If you'd like to use an Archnet video, please contact <a href="mailto:archnet@mit.edu" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">archnet@mit.edu</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</li></ul>See our <a href="https://www.archnet.org/pages/terms" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Terms of Use</a> for information on how you can use Archnnet material.4. Can I contribute material to Archnet?&nbsp;Yes!&nbsp;See our <a href="https://www.archnet.org/pages/contribute" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Contribute</a> page for more information.&nbsp;Calls for specific contributions are also also shared in our social media and on the <a href="https://libraries.mit.edu/akdc/category/contributors/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">web site of the Aga Khan Documentation Center at MIT</a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;5. What happened to the Archnet Timeline?&nbsp;Timeline has migrated into the ARCHNET NEXT Collections page&nbsp;<a href="https://www.archnet.org/collections/collection_type/3/1" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">as a category</a>. These collections provide short introductions for each period, often offering lists of additional resources at the end of the entry. Only the timeline graphic listing the periods along a chronological axis has not migrated.6. My question isn't here.&nbsp;How can I get help?&nbsp;If your issue is with using Archnet, use the blue Feedback button to alert us to your issue. This will allow you to include a screenshot or recording. Please, also, feel free to contact us at <a href="mailto:archnet@mit.edu" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">archnet@mit.edu</a>We are currently developing the help section of ARCHNET NEXT. In the meantime, please use the blue Feedback button in ARCHNET NEXT to send us feedback or other questions. Contact us at <a href="mailto:archnet@mit.edu" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">archnet@mit.edu</a>.&nbsp;

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Welcome to ARCHNET, an open access, interdisciplinary, intellectual resource focused on the built environment of Muslim societies.Focused on the built environment of Islamic civilizations past and present, we seek to:<ul><li>Facilitate excellence in scholarship and professional work by&nbsp;providing reliable information and ready access&nbsp;to vetted, high-quality textual and multimedia resources&nbsp;focused on architecture, urbanism, environmental and landscape design,&nbsp;heritage&nbsp;conservation, economic and environmental sustainability, community development and resilience in the face of rapid change, and related topics.</li><li>Enable teaching and learning in these domains by providing educators with reliable, effective pedagogical material and teaching aids.&nbsp;</li><li>Serve as a platform through which scholars, practitioners, and institutions can bring their work to new global audiences.&nbsp;</li><li>Promote intercultural understanding and dialogue through reliable, high-quality, peer-reviewed material on the diversity of and pluralism within Muslim societies and the interaction between Islamic and other religious, cultural, and philosophical traditions as it relates to architecture and urbanism.</li><li>Enable easy access to a wide variety of resources via a custom-built, web-based, mobile-friendly platform optimized to minimize financial, infrastructural, linguistic, and other barriers to access.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li></ul>Launched in 2002 after several years of development, ARCHNET is a pioneering digital resource that has proven a reliable authority on the built environment of Muslim societies, past and present.&nbsp;ARCHNET is a partnership between the <a href="https://www.archnet.org/collections/1342" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Aga Khan Documentation Center, MIT Libraries</a> (AKDC@MIT) and the <a href="https://www.archnet.org/authorities/1903" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Aga Khan Trust for Culture</a> (AKTC), with support from the <a href="https://www.archnet.org/collections/50" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture</a> at Harvard and MIT.&nbsp;ARCHNET is developed and maintained by <a href="https://www.performantsoftware.com/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Performant Software Solutions</a>.

Bukhara City (Powell Collection)

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Bukhara City (Powell Collection)

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