This collection contains photographs from the&nbsp;<a href="https://archnet.org/collections/1786" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Aga Khan Visual Archive</a>&nbsp;of sites and landscapes in Malaysia.

Hamdan Bin Shamsuri

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ITM0001

Malaysia

Istana Balai Besar, or the Palace with the Great Hall, is one of the oldest palaces in Malaysia. Located on the east coast of the Malay Peninsula in Kota Bharu, this palace was the residence of the local northern Malay Sultanate. Sultan Muhammad II (1839-1886) built Istana Balai Besar in the early 1840s when he decided to move to the province of Kelantan from the island of Saba, where the royal palace was threatened by natural erosion. The palace complex set the prototype for subsequent palaces on the east coast, which consist of six areas: the porch (arijung), the audience hall (balai besar), the main house (rumah ibu), the middle house (rumah tengah), the kitchen area (rumah dapur) and the veranda (jemuran basah). At the Istana Balai Besar the private apartments are quite modest in relation to the audience hall designated as the sultan's reception area. However, these lesser pavilions are for the most part raised above the ground on piles, as was common regional practice, whereas the audience hall was uniquely built on the ground. The audience hall itself is spanned by a tripartite roof of various inclinations supported by columns. The central, highest roof is supported by a column five meters high. Though the multitiered roof resembles the Javanese style, the space traditionally left between the roofs for circulation and light in Java are not present at Istana Balai Besar. The roof is further distinguished by its polygonal roof extending forward from the hall over the porte-cochere porch. The corner junction of the roof ridges join in a feature locally referred to as pungung itik or duck's tails. Covering the roof are flat, red tiles called "Patini tiles", referencing their resemblance to the tiles produced in the southern Thai province. Until the 1980s, the entire timber structure was whitewashed but for some light green detailing found on the exterior walls and the gates of the high wooden fortress-like wall which surround the complex. In the 1980s however, the Malaysian Department of Museums and Antiquities replaced some of the timber from the fortress wall which had been damaged by flooding and repainted the wall and gates a dark brown with gold detailing. Much of the original decoration is found in the woodwork itself, including designed paneling and embossed piercing, or tebuk timbul, found in the interior. In 1855, Sultan Muhammad II built a house in the complex solely for the production of golden flowers, which the Sultanate was obligated to provide annually to the government of Siam (present day Thailand) under whose suzerainty Kelantan was loosely incorporated. This 30 by 17 foot structure with six doors at the back of the complex was said to house artisans who crafted the flowers. Sources: Chen Voon Fee, ed. 1998. The Encyclopedia of Malaysia, Volume 5: Architecture. Archipelago Press, 36, 40-41, 60. Dumarcay, Jacques. 1991. The Palaces of South-East Asia: Architecture and Customs. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 76.

Istana Balai Besar

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ITM0002

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IAA708583

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ITM0003

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ITM0004

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ITM0005

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ITM0006

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ITM0007

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ITM0008

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ITM0009

Aga Khan Visual Archive: Malaysia

The Aga Khan Visual Archive (AKVA) is a collection of the&nbsp;<a href="https://libraries.mit.edu/akdc/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Aga Khan Documentation Center</a>, MIT Libraries (AKDC@MIT), that consists of over 120,000 slides and digital images of architecture, urbanism, and the built environment of Muslim societies, donated by students and scholars, affiliated with the&nbsp;<a href="http://akpia.mit.edu/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture</a>&nbsp;at MIT, as well as academics, scholars, cultural institutions, and architects from around the world. The images date from the 1970s through the present, and document historic and contemporary sites in the Islamic world, many of which are not documented elsewhere or have changed significantly since their documentation, either through restoration, renovation, or even destruction. The collection began with the foundation of the Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture at MIT and Harvard, and the concurrent establishment of a documentation center to support the research and teaching of its faculty and students. Students who received&nbsp;<a href="http://akpia.mit.edu/travel-grants" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">travel fellowships</a>&nbsp;from the Aga Khan Program to conduct research agreed to duplicate their slides and donate the duplicate copies to the documentation center. Professors and visiting scholars also donated slides of monuments they had taken. The librarians of the documentation center also occasionally purchased sets of slides to supplement the scope of the material. The slides served as illustrations for lectures, books, and other educational materials produced by AKDC@MIT, and formed the seed collection for the Archnet Digital Library, the predecessor to the current version of Archnet that was established in its first form in the late 1990s. Note that only a small representation of the AKVA's contents are currently cataloged on Archnet. In addition to this collection, further selections from the archive can be found at on <a href="https://dome.mit.edu/handle/1721.3/45936" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">DOME, the online interface</a> for the digital collections of the MIT Libraries. A complete list of the boxes in this collection, some of which is still awaiting digitization, can be found on <a href="https://archivesspace.mit.edu/repositories/5/archival_objects/354501" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">MIT ArchivesSpace</a>. AKDC staff are currently working to digitize and catalog more material from this collection. As is the case for all images on Archnet, material from the Aga Khan Visual Archive is freely available for research or educational use. Copyright varies, so for information about reproduction for publication, please contact the Aga Khan Documentation Center at <a href="mailto:akdc@mit.edu" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">akdc@mit.edu</a>. &nbsp;

Aga Khan Visual Archive

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IAA708580

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Archnet is an Open Access resource, provided to the public to facilitate cultural understanding and excellence in both scholarship and practice. Content from Archnet.org may not be published, displayed, or appropriated for commercial use without the expressed written permission of the copyright holder. Unless otherwise noted, Archnet material is available for instructional, nonprofit use, and personal use on the terms of a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International</a> (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. Please contact Archnet to request permission to use the Archnet.org website and its contents beyond the scope outlined above. High-resolution images may be available by contacting us using <a href="mailto:archnet@mit.edu" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">archnet@mit.edu</a>. The content available on Archnet, including but not limited to information, text, graphics, logos, and multimedia related to the the <a href="https://www.archnet.org/authorities/1903" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Aga Khan Trust for Culture’</a>s programmes, such as the <a href="https://www.archnet.org/collections/54" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Historic Cities Programme</a>, the <a href="https://www.archnet.org/collections/848" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Aga Khan Award for Architecture</a> and the <a href="https://www.archnet.org/collections/132" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Aga Khan Music Programme</a>, may be protected by copyright, trademark, or other intellectual property rights and laws, whether owned by the Aga Khan Trust for Culture, its affiliates, or third parties. Unauthorized use, reproduction, distribution, modification, or display of this content is strictly prohibited without the express written permission of the respective copyright or trademark holder. Violation of this prohibition may result in legal penalties.

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<h2>ARCHNET FAQ</h2>1. Will ARCHNET work on my device?Archnet works well on the most recent version of any major browser (Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Edge), either on a mobile device or computer. It may work on older or less common browsers as well. If Archnet fails to work properly on your machine, please let us know about your experience by clicking the blue feedback button at bottom right!2. Will my URLs from earlier versions of Archnet still work?Yes, if they are from the version launched in January 2013. As of October 12, 2021, all URLs from the old Archnet have been redirected to ARCHNET.&nbsp;&nbsp;3. How do I download a/n:&nbsp;<ul><li>image - Select the image you want to download from search results, a site or an authority. The image will open in your browser.&nbsp;Right click to download.&nbsp;For larger, high-resolution copies, see contact us using archnet@mit.edu.&nbsp;</li><li>publication - Open the page for the publication in your browser and click the download button. Reprinting Archnet publications is permissible only for personal use.&nbsp;Please contact us for any other requests.&nbsp;</li><li>site descriptions and metadata - Site descriptions and metadata can be used for any nonprofit or educational organization with appropriate attribution to the authors and Archnet.&nbsp;</li><li>video - Currently video downloads are not possible. If you'd like to use an Archnet video, please contact <a href="mailto:archnet@mit.edu" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">archnet@mit.edu</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</li></ul>See our <a href="https://www.archnet.org/pages/terms" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Terms of Use</a> for information on how you can use Archnnet material.4. Can I contribute material to Archnet?&nbsp;Yes!&nbsp;See our <a href="https://www.archnet.org/pages/contribute" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Contribute</a> page for more information.&nbsp;Calls for specific contributions are also also shared in our social media and on the <a href="https://libraries.mit.edu/akdc/category/contributors/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">web site of the Aga Khan Documentation Center at MIT</a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;5. What happened to the Archnet Timeline?&nbsp;Timeline has migrated into the ARCHNET NEXT Collections page&nbsp;<a href="https://www.archnet.org/collections/collection_type/3/1" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">as a category</a>. These collections provide short introductions for each period, often offering lists of additional resources at the end of the entry. Only the timeline graphic listing the periods along a chronological axis has not migrated.6. My question isn't here.&nbsp;How can I get help?&nbsp;If your issue is with using Archnet, use the blue Feedback button to alert us to your issue. This will allow you to include a screenshot or recording. Please, also, feel free to contact us at <a href="mailto:archnet@mit.edu" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">archnet@mit.edu</a>We are currently developing the help section of ARCHNET NEXT. In the meantime, please use the blue Feedback button in ARCHNET NEXT to send us feedback or other questions. Contact us at <a href="mailto:archnet@mit.edu" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">archnet@mit.edu</a>.&nbsp;

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Welcome to ARCHNET, an open access, interdisciplinary, intellectual resource focused on the built environment of Muslim societies.Focused on the built environment of Islamic civilizations past and present, we seek to:<ul><li>Facilitate excellence in scholarship and professional work by&nbsp;providing reliable information and ready access&nbsp;to vetted, high-quality textual and multimedia resources&nbsp;focused on architecture, urbanism, environmental and landscape design,&nbsp;heritage&nbsp;conservation, economic and environmental sustainability, community development and resilience in the face of rapid change, and related topics.</li><li>Enable teaching and learning in these domains by providing educators with reliable, effective pedagogical material and teaching aids.&nbsp;</li><li>Serve as a platform through which scholars, practitioners, and institutions can bring their work to new global audiences.&nbsp;</li><li>Promote intercultural understanding and dialogue through reliable, high-quality, peer-reviewed material on the diversity of and pluralism within Muslim societies and the interaction between Islamic and other religious, cultural, and philosophical traditions as it relates to architecture and urbanism.</li><li>Enable easy access to a wide variety of resources via a custom-built, web-based, mobile-friendly platform optimized to minimize financial, infrastructural, linguistic, and other barriers to access.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li></ul>Launched in 2002 after several years of development, ARCHNET is a pioneering digital resource that has proven a reliable authority on the built environment of Muslim societies, past and present.&nbsp;ARCHNET is a partnership between the <a href="https://www.archnet.org/collections/1342" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Aga Khan Documentation Center, MIT Libraries</a> (AKDC@MIT) and the <a href="https://www.archnet.org/authorities/1903" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Aga Khan Trust for Culture</a> (AKTC), with support from the <a href="https://www.archnet.org/collections/50" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture</a> at Harvard and MIT.&nbsp;ARCHNET is developed and maintained by <a href="https://www.performantsoftware.com/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Performant Software Solutions</a>.

Aga Khan Visual Archive: Malaysia

Parent Collections

Aga Khan Visual Archive: Malaysia

Images & Videos

Parent Collections