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Archnet is an Open Access resource, provided to the public to facilitate cultural understanding and excellence in both scholarship and practice. Content from Archnet.org may not be published, displayed, or appropriated for commercial use without the expressed written permission of the copyright holder. Unless otherwise noted, Archnet material is available for instructional, nonprofit use, and personal use on the terms of a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International</a> (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. Please contact Archnet to request permission to use the Archnet.org website and its contents beyond the scope outlined above. High-resolution images may be available by contacting us using <a href="mailto:archnet@mit.edu" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">archnet@mit.edu</a>. The content available on Archnet, including but not limited to information, text, graphics, logos, and multimedia related to the the <a href="https://www.archnet.org/authorities/1903" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Aga Khan Trust for Culture’</a>s programmes, such as the <a href="https://www.archnet.org/collections/54" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Historic Cities Programme</a>, the <a href="https://www.archnet.org/collections/848" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Aga Khan Award for Architecture</a> and the <a href="https://www.archnet.org/collections/132" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Aga Khan Music Programme</a>, may be protected by copyright, trademark, or other intellectual property rights and laws, whether owned by the Aga Khan Trust for Culture, its affiliates, or third parties. Unauthorized use, reproduction, distribution, modification, or display of this content is strictly prohibited without the express written permission of the respective copyright or trademark holder. Violation of this prohibition may result in legal penalties.

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<h2>ARCHNET FAQ</h2>1. Will ARCHNET work on my device?Archnet works well on the most recent version of any major browser (Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Edge), either on a mobile device or computer. It may work on older or less common browsers as well. If Archnet fails to work properly on your machine, please let us know about your experience by clicking the blue feedback button at bottom right!2. Will my URLs from earlier versions of Archnet still work?Yes, if they are from the version launched in January 2013. As of October 12, 2021, all URLs from the old Archnet have been redirected to ARCHNET.&nbsp;&nbsp;3. How do I download a/n:&nbsp;<ul><li>image - Select the image you want to download from search results, a site or an authority. The image will open in your browser.&nbsp;Right click to download.&nbsp;For larger, high-resolution copies, see contact us using archnet@mit.edu.&nbsp;</li><li>publication - Open the page for the publication in your browser and click the download button. Reprinting Archnet publications is permissible only for personal use.&nbsp;Please contact us for any other requests.&nbsp;</li><li>site descriptions and metadata - Site descriptions and metadata can be used for any nonprofit or educational organization with appropriate attribution to the authors and Archnet.&nbsp;</li><li>video - Currently video downloads are not possible. If you'd like to use an Archnet video, please contact <a href="mailto:archnet@mit.edu" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">archnet@mit.edu</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</li></ul>See our <a href="https://www.archnet.org/pages/terms" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Terms of Use</a> for information on how you can use Archnnet material.4. Can I contribute material to Archnet?&nbsp;Yes!&nbsp;See our <a href="https://www.archnet.org/pages/contribute" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Contribute</a> page for more information.&nbsp;Calls for specific contributions are also also shared in our social media and on the <a href="https://libraries.mit.edu/akdc/category/contributors/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">web site of the Aga Khan Documentation Center at MIT</a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;5. What happened to the Archnet Timeline?&nbsp;Timeline has migrated into the ARCHNET NEXT Collections page&nbsp;<a href="https://www.archnet.org/collections/collection_type/3/1" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">as a category</a>. These collections provide short introductions for each period, often offering lists of additional resources at the end of the entry. Only the timeline graphic listing the periods along a chronological axis has not migrated.6. My question isn't here.&nbsp;How can I get help?&nbsp;If your issue is with using Archnet, use the blue Feedback button to alert us to your issue. This will allow you to include a screenshot or recording. Please, also, feel free to contact us at <a href="mailto:archnet@mit.edu" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">archnet@mit.edu</a>We are currently developing the help section of ARCHNET NEXT. In the meantime, please use the blue Feedback button in ARCHNET NEXT to send us feedback or other questions. Contact us at <a href="mailto:archnet@mit.edu" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">archnet@mit.edu</a>.&nbsp;

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Welcome to ARCHNET, an open access, interdisciplinary, intellectual resource focused on the built environment of Muslim societies.Focused on the built environment of Islamic civilizations past and present, we seek to:<ul><li>Facilitate excellence in scholarship and professional work by&nbsp;providing reliable information and ready access&nbsp;to vetted, high-quality textual and multimedia resources&nbsp;focused on architecture, urbanism, environmental and landscape design,&nbsp;heritage&nbsp;conservation, economic and environmental sustainability, community development and resilience in the face of rapid change, and related topics.</li><li>Enable teaching and learning in these domains by providing educators with reliable, effective pedagogical material and teaching aids.&nbsp;</li><li>Serve as a platform through which scholars, practitioners, and institutions can bring their work to new global audiences.&nbsp;</li><li>Promote intercultural understanding and dialogue through reliable, high-quality, peer-reviewed material on the diversity of and pluralism within Muslim societies and the interaction between Islamic and other religious, cultural, and philosophical traditions as it relates to architecture and urbanism.</li><li>Enable easy access to a wide variety of resources via a custom-built, web-based, mobile-friendly platform optimized to minimize financial, infrastructural, linguistic, and other barriers to access.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li></ul>Launched in 2002 after several years of development, ARCHNET is a pioneering digital resource that has proven a reliable authority on the built environment of Muslim societies, past and present.&nbsp;ARCHNET is a partnership between the <a href="https://www.archnet.org/collections/1342" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Aga Khan Documentation Center, MIT Libraries</a> (AKDC@MIT) and the <a href="https://www.archnet.org/authorities/1903" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Aga Khan Trust for Culture</a> (AKTC), with support from the <a href="https://www.archnet.org/collections/50" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture</a> at Harvard and MIT.&nbsp;ARCHNET is developed and maintained by <a href="https://www.performantsoftware.com/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Performant Software Solutions</a>.

About

Yazd 

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digital graphic

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place

religious

husseiniya

takiyya

Iran

Import

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Amir Chaqmaq Takiyya

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IIR0616

The mosque of Mir Chaqmaq, also referred to as the Masjid-e Nau, was one of the first constructions in a larger institutional complex consisting of a madrasa (theological school), khanqah (a hostel for sufis or dervishes), caravanserai (travelers inn), qanat and ab anbars (subterranean canal and water cistern), public baths, maidan or public square and bazaar sharing the name. It was built outside Yazd's fourteenth century city walls in the Dehkok quarter, which has since transformed from a suburban garden to a dense residential and commercial district. Today only the mosque, maidan and a few hydraulic structures exist from the original complex. The mosque is noted for the excellence of decorative craftsmanship on its marble mihrab (niche marking the direction of prayer in a mosque) and its portal's tile mosaic calligraphic panels. Construction of the mosque was begun by Jalal Al-din Chaqmaq Shami, the governor of Yazd under Timurid ruler Shah Rukh in 1436-7, and was completed some years later, with a number of subsidiary structures through the active patronage of Bibi Fatima Khatun, wife of Mir Chaqmaq. Built soon after additions to the Masjid-i Jami or cathedral mosque of Yazd by the same patrons, the Masjid-i Mir Chaqmaq was built in a period of great economic prosperity. Large urban design projects were ordered after Timur's conquest in 1393, funded by revenues made possible by the Timurid policy of retaining the Muzaffarid provincial capital of Kerman, Fars and Shiraz in Yazd. The masjid represents for Yazd, a larger phenomenon of Timurid patronage of madrasa-khanqah complexes as a unifying and propagandistic strategy to control a large and diverse empire. Parallels can also be seen in the Timurid nobleman-noblewoman character of this patronage as reflected in Timur and his wife, Saray Mulk Khanum's commission of Bibi Khanum mosque in Samarkand or Shah Rukh and his wife Gawharshad's patronage of complexes in Mashhad and Herat. The mosque is built of mud brick finished with white washed with plaster, along the traditional Iranian four-iwan structure around a square courtyard with no minarets. The stepped screens of the qibla (direction towards Mecca, and hence Muslim prayers) and the tunnel-vaulted bays of the court's internal facades appear to dominate the court's modest proportions. The great central dome, the primary iwan, and the qibla screen, together form the major architectural feature of the complex. Aesthetic traditions from the Masjid-i Jami and the Masjid of Pir Husayn Damghani of Yazd are continued in this masjid, with the use of niches, windows and galleries to relieve the visually dominant supporting members of the dome and iwan. The central mihrab consists of marble with decorative mosaic tile borders and Quranic inscriptions. The celebrated portal is ornamented with masterfully executed stucco and calligraphic friezes in Naskh and Thulth scripts, one of which reveals details of the institution's Waqf or endowment. Panels of faience mosaic or glazed tile mosaic in blue, yellow, white and black colors are interspersed within patterned brickwork facades, as is typical of early Timurid decorative art. The slightly pyramidical dome springs from large squinches in a two-tiered circular drum, embellished with bands of mosaic tile inscriptions in Kufic script. Unlike other Timurid works, the mosque does not feature complex decorative vaults. However, the brilliance of its outer dome's lotus petal gores in turquoise blue tile work defines Yazd's skyline with the similar dome of the Masjid-i-Jami. The mosque influences subsequent Islamic architecture of central Iran with its introduction of a shorter iwan covered with a cloister vault. The mosque also features a novel innovation in incorporating a wind tower within the mihrab, a feature later seen in the Masjid-i Sar-i Rik of Yazd. The mosque today is identified with a later nineteenth century addition to the complex, the Takieh-ye Mir Chaqmaq. The site has in recent times been the focus of intense conservation efforts and public concern to revive the historic complex and the adjacent Haji Qanbar bazaar. Sources: Golombek, Lisa & Wilber, Donald. 1988. The Timurid Architecture of Iran and Turan, Volume I. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 421, 422, 423. Hillenbrand, Robert. 2000. Islamic Architecture. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 110. Hutt, Anthony & Harrow, Leonard. 1978. Islam architecture: Iran 2. London: Scorpion Publishers, 161. Lockhardt, Laurence. 1960. Persian Cities. London: Luzac & Company, 109. "Yazd." <a href="http://www.salamiran.org/CT/provinces/yazd.html"target="_blank">Website of the Embassy of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Ottawa-Canada</a>. [Accessed February 14, 2007; inaccessible January 22, 2013]

Masjid-i Mir Chaqmaq

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Amir Chaqmaq Takiyya
Yazd, Iran

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Amir Chaqmaq Takiyya
Yazd, Iran

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Amir Chaqmaq TakiyyaYazd, Iran

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Amir Chaqmaq Takiyya
Yazd, Iran