<p>Archnet is a community-powered resource that provides ready access to visual and textual material to facilitate teaching, scholarship, and professional work of high quality.&nbsp;This unparalleled resource continues to grow with both the addition of historic archives and documentation on contemporary trends shaping the built environment today.&nbsp;To better serve you, our user, in the study of art and architecture of Muslim societies, we continue to build our vast collection of sites, publications, images, and videos. To ensure a high level of scholarly content and accuracy in the information provided, we appreciate your expert feedback and, more importantly, your contributions.</p><p>.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><ul><li>Please send comments, corrections, commendations, and other feedback to <a href="mailto:archnet@mit.edu" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">archnet@mit.edu</a>.&nbsp;</li><li>If you find sites on Archnet to which you can contribute in compelling and meaningful ways, your generosity is most welcome. If you would be interested in contributing research, publications or other media to Archnet, please contact us using <a href="about:blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">archnet-submission@mit.edu</a>.&nbsp;</li><li>We invite contributions of relevant, previously published, Open Access or copyrighted material for which you are able to grant Archnet a non-exclusive license. Please contact us using <a href="about:blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">archnet-submission@mit.edu</a>.&nbsp;</li><li>We invite the contribution of syllabi, lesson plans, recorded lectures, or other material for our pedagogy project. Please contact us using <a href="about:blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">archnet-submission@mit.edu</a>.&nbsp;</li><li>We welcome the donation of select archives based on our current editorial policies and priorities.&nbsp;If you have a collection you would like to bring to the attention of Archnet's editors, please send an email to: <a href="http://mailto: archnet-submission@mit.edu/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">archnet-submission@mit.edu</a>.</li><li>Occasionally, Archnet editors issue calls for contributions on specific themes or of particular types of material. Follow those on the <a href="https://libraries.mit.edu/akdc/category/contributors/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">website of AKDC@MIT </a>or <a href="https://mailchi.mp/17fc345bbd94/archnetakdc-updates" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">subscribe to our mailing list</a>.</li></ul><p><br></p><p>The breadth, depth, and quality of Archnet is oachieved through the generosity of numerous institutions and individuals listed on the respective pages throughout the site.&nbsp;We thank you for your generosity!</p>

Contribute

<p>Archnet is an Open Access resource, provided to the public to facilitate cultural understanding and excellence in both scholarship and practice. Content from Archnet.org may not be published, displayed, or appropriated for commercial use without the expressed written permission of the copyright holder.</p><p><br></p><p>Unless otherwise noted, Archnet material is available for instructional, nonprofit use, and personal use on the terms of a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International</a> (CC BY-NC 4.0) license.</p><p><br></p><p>Please contact Archnet to request permission to use the Archnet.org website and its contents beyond the scope outlined above. High-resolution images may be available by contacting us using <a href="mailto:archnet@mit.edu" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">archnet@mit.edu</a>.</p><p><br></p><p>The content available on Archnet, including but not limited to information, text, graphics, logos, and multimedia related to the the <a href="https://www.archnet.org/authorities/1903" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Aga Khan Trust for Culture’</a>s programmes, such as the <a href="https://www.archnet.org/collections/54" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Historic Cities Programme</a>, the <a href="https://www.archnet.org/collections/848" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Aga Khan Award for Architecture</a> and the <a href="https://www.archnet.org/collections/132" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Aga Khan Music Programme</a>, may be protected by copyright, trademark, or other intellectual property rights and laws, whether owned by the Aga Khan Trust for Culture, its affiliates, or third parties. Unauthorized use, reproduction, distribution, modification, or display of this content is strictly prohibited without the express written permission of the respective copyright or trademark holder. Violation of this prohibition may result in legal penalties.</p>

Terms of use

<h2><strong>ARCHNET FAQ</strong></h2><p>1. <strong>Will ARCHNET work on my device?</strong></p><p>Archnet works well on the most recent version of any major browser (Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Edge), either on a mobile device or computer. It may work on older or less common browsers as well. If Archnet fails to work properly on your machine, please let us know about your experience by clicking the blue feedback button at bottom right!</p><p><strong>2. Will my URLs from earlier versions of Archnet still work?</strong></p><p>Yes, if they are from the version launched in January 2013. As of October 12, 2021, all URLs from the old Archnet have been redirected to ARCHNET.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p><strong>3. How do I download a/n:&nbsp;</strong></p><ul><li><strong>image</strong> - Select the image you want to download from search results, a site or an authority. The image will open in your browser.&nbsp;Right click to download.&nbsp;For larger, high-resolution copies, see contact us using archnet@mit.edu.&nbsp;</li><li><strong>publication</strong> - Open the page for the publication in your browser and click the download button. Reprinting Archnet publications is permissible only for personal use.&nbsp;Please contact us for any other requests.&nbsp;</li><li><strong>site descriptions and metadata </strong>- Site descriptions and metadata can be used for any nonprofit or educational organization with appropriate attribution to the authors and Archnet.&nbsp;</li><li><strong>video</strong> - Currently video downloads are not possible. If you'd like to use an Archnet video, please contact <a href="mailto:archnet@mit.edu" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">archnet@mit.edu</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</li></ul><p>See our <a href="https://www.archnet.org/pages/terms" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Terms of Use</a> for information on how you can use Archnnet material.</p><p><strong>4. Can I contribute material to Archnet?&nbsp;</strong></p><p>Yes!&nbsp;See our <a href="https://www.archnet.org/pages/contribute" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Contribute</a> page for more information.&nbsp;Calls for specific contributions are also also shared in our social media and on the <a href="https://libraries.mit.edu/akdc/category/contributors/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">web site of the Aga Khan Documentation Center at MIT</a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p><strong>5. What happened to the Archnet Timeline?&nbsp;</strong></p><p>Timeline has migrated into the ARCHNET NEXT Collections page&nbsp;<a href="https://www.archnet.org/collections/collection_type/3/1" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">as a category</a>. These collections provide short introductions for each period, often offering lists of additional resources at the end of the entry. Only the timeline graphic listing the periods along a chronological axis has not migrated.</p><p><strong>6. My question isn't here.&nbsp;How can I get help?&nbsp;</strong></p><p>If your issue is with using Archnet, use the blue Feedback button to alert us to your issue. This will allow you to include a screenshot or recording. Please, also, feel free to contact us at <a href="mailto:archnet@mit.edu" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">archnet@mit.edu</a></p><p><strong>We are currently developing the help section of ARCHNET NEXT. In the meantime, please use the blue Feedback button in ARCHNET NEXT to send us feedback or other questions. Contact us at </strong><a href="mailto:archnet@mit.edu" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><strong>archnet@mit.edu</strong></a><strong>.</strong></p><p>&nbsp;</p>

Need help?

<p><strong>Welcome to ARCHNET, an open access, interdisciplinary, intellectual resource focused on the built environment of Muslim societies.</strong></p><p>Focused on the built environment of Islamic civilizations past and present, we seek to:</p><ul><li>Facilitate excellence in scholarship and professional work by&nbsp;providing reliable information and ready access&nbsp;to vetted, high-quality textual and multimedia resources&nbsp;focused on architecture, urbanism, environmental and landscape design,&nbsp;heritage&nbsp;conservation, economic and environmental sustainability, community development and resilience in the face of rapid change, and related topics.</li><li>Enable teaching and learning in these domains by providing educators with reliable, effective pedagogical material and teaching aids.&nbsp;</li><li>Serve as a platform through which scholars, practitioners, and institutions can bring their work to new global audiences.&nbsp;</li><li>Promote intercultural understanding and dialogue through reliable, high-quality, peer-reviewed material on the diversity of and pluralism within Muslim societies and the interaction between Islamic and other religious, cultural, and philosophical traditions as it relates to architecture and urbanism.</li><li>Enable easy access to a wide variety of resources via a custom-built, web-based, mobile-friendly platform optimized to minimize financial, infrastructural, linguistic, and other barriers to access.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li></ul><p>Launched in 2002 after several years of development, ARCHNET is a pioneering digital resource that has proven a reliable authority on the built environment of Muslim societies, past and present.&nbsp;</p><p>ARCHNET is a partnership between the <a href="https://www.archnet.org/collections/1342" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Aga Khan Documentation Center, MIT Libraries</a> (AKDC@MIT) and the <a href="https://www.archnet.org/authorities/1903" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Aga Khan Trust for Culture</a> (AKTC), with support from the <a href="https://www.archnet.org/collections/50" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture</a> at Harvard and MIT.&nbsp;ARCHNET is developed and maintained by <a href="https://www.performantsoftware.com/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Performant Software Solutions</a>.</p>

About

Aleppo 

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digital graphic

IAA705749

place

Michel Écochard

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IAA705408

lead architect

commercial

khan

<p>In the mid 1980s,&nbsp;<a href="http://archnet.org/authorities/33" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Michel Écochard</a>&nbsp;donated his archives, then located at his offices in&nbsp;Paris, to the&nbsp;<a href="https://archnet.org/collections/awards" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Aga Khan Award for&nbsp;Architecture</a> in Geneva. Award&nbsp;staff traveled to Paris and made a selection of materials to archive in&nbsp;Geneva.&nbsp;These included around 500 plans, 1500 slides and large-format&nbsp;positive films, 10,000 negatives in large format and 35-millimeter film strips&nbsp;(often printed in various formats), in black and white and color, 50 reports,&nbsp;books and notes, and a collection of magazine articles and news clippings about&nbsp;the man and his work.&nbsp;</p><p>In his later years, Écochard compiled a series of albums, based on his own photography of both cities and famous sites in general, as well as of his own architectural, planning and archaeological projects. Archnet is presenting these as copies of the originals&nbsp;so as to give more insight into the author.</p><p><br></p><p>As Écochard was a keen traveler and photographer, the&nbsp;collection includes many general city and landscape views as well as&nbsp;documentation on planning, architectural, and restoration projects he was&nbsp;involved in the Middle East, Asia, Africa, and Europe.&nbsp;</p><p><br></p><p>In order to facilitate scholars' access to the material, the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.akdn.org/architecture" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Aga Khan Award for Architecture</a>&nbsp;gifted the Michel Ecochard Archive to the&nbsp;<a href="https://libraries.mit.edu/akdc/collections/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Aga Khan Documentation Center</a>, MIT&nbsp;Libraries.&nbsp;A representative&nbsp;selection of this archive is in the process of being digitized and made&nbsp;available in this collection.  To find out more about the collection, <a href="https://archivesspace.mit.edu/repositories/5/resources/1262" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">consult archivesspsace.mit.edu</a>.</p>

Michel Écochard Archive

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Syria

large format B & W negative

ecochard in plane 1968

Source:<div><br></div><div>Écochard, Michel. La restauration des monuments Islamiques en Syrie. Damascus: La Syrie et l'Orient, 1943<br></div><div><br></div>

Restoration

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black-and-white print

keW_pho_001a

Khan al-Wazir Restoration

Images created sometime between 1932-1948,  Album creation date is unknown. 

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IAA707769

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keW_pho_001b

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keW_pho_001c

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keW_pho_002a

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keW_pho_002b

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keW_pho_002c

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keW_pho_003a

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keW_pho_003b

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keW_pho_004a

<div style="text-align: justify;">Khan al-Wazir is a caravanserai located in the old city of Aleppo between the Citadel and the Great Mosque. The Ottoman governor of Aleppo, Qara Muhammad Paşa, commissioned the building between 1678 and 1682/1083 AH.</div><div><div style="text-align: justify; "><br>This khan is one of the largest ones in Aleppo. It follows a traditional plan consisting of a large central courtyard surrounded by a two story block of buildings. The perimeter of the caravanserai is not fully rectangular but rather angled on the north and east sides to accommodate the direction of the city's streets, and the courtyard's perimeter reflects this irregularity. Merchant's storage areas and stores occupied the first story of the cells surrounding the courtyard, and sleeping quarters for travelers occupied the second. The entrance to the khan is on its west side through a large and handsome gatehouse decorated with black and white ablaq masonry surmounted by an ornate window.</div><div style="text-align: justify; "><br></div><div style="text-align: justify; ">Portions of the north side of the caravanserai were demolished during the French Mandate to make way for the large arterial street running along its north side.&nbsp;<br></div><div><br><span style="font-style: italic;">Sources</span>:</div><div><span style="text-indent: -2em;"><br></span></div><div><span style="text-indent: -2em;">Gaube, Heins, and Eugin Wirth. </span><i style="text-indent: -2em;">Aleppo: Historische Und Geographische Beiträge Zur Baulichen Gestaltung, Zur Sozialen Organisation Und Zur Wirtschaftlichen Dynamik Einer Vorderasiatischen Fernhandelsmetropole</i><span style="text-indent: -2em;">, No. 180 (p. 366). </span><span style="text-indent: -2em;">Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert, 1984.</span><div class="csl-bib-body" style="line-height: 1.35; margin-left: 2em; text-indent:-2em;"><div class="csl-entry"><br></div>
  <span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzotero.org%3A2&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Aleppo%3A%20Historische%20und%20geographische%20Beitr%C3%A4ge%20zur%20baulichen%20Gestaltung%2C%20zur%20sozialen%20Organisation%20und%20zur%20wirtschaftlichen%20Dynamik%20einer%20vorderasiatischen%20Fernhandelsmetropole&amp;rft.place=Wiesbaden&amp;rft.publisher=Dr.%20Ludwig%20Reichert&amp;rft.au=undefined&amp;rft.au=Eugin%20Wirth&amp;rft.date=1984"></span></div>Hadjar, Abdallah. <i>Historical Monuments of Aleppo</i>, 35. Aleppo: Automobile and Touring Club of Syria (ATCS), 2000.<br><br>Rihawi, Abdul Qader. <i>Arabic Islamic Architecture in Syria</i>, 232. Damascus: Ministry of Culture and National Heritage, 1979.</div><div><span style="text-indent: -2em;"><br></span></div><div><span style="text-indent: -2em;">Sauvaget, Jean. “Inventaire Des Monuments Musulmans de La Ville d’Alep.” </span><i style="text-indent: -2em;">Revue Des Études Islamiques</i><span style="text-indent: -2em;"> 5 (1931): 59–114, no. 71.</span></div></div><div><div class="csl-bib-body" style="line-height: 1.35; margin-left: 2em; text-indent:-2em;">
  <span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzotero.org%3A2&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Inventaire%20des%20monuments%20Musulmans%20de%20la%20ville%20d'Alep&amp;rft.jtitle=Revue%20des%20%C3%A9tudes%20Islamiques&amp;rft.volume=5&amp;rft.aufirst=Jean&amp;rft.aulast=Sauvaget&amp;rft.au=Jean%20Sauvaget&amp;rft.date=1931&amp;rft.pages=59-114&amp;rft.spage=59&amp;rft.epage=114"></span></div></div><div><br></div><div>Geonames URI:&nbsp;<a href="http://sws.geonames.org/7746686" target="_blank" data-bypass="true">sws.geonames.org/7746686</a></div><div><br></div><div>iDAI Gazetteer record:</div><div><a href="https://gazetteer.dainst.org/place/2320066" target="_blank" data-bypass="true">https://gazetteer.dainst.org/place/2320066</a></div><div><br></div>

Khan al-Wazir

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Khan al-Wazir Restoration
Aleppo, Syria

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Khan al-Wazir Restoration
Aleppo, Syria